Social Psych Exam 3 Vocab

Ideal Self

Self you wish to be

Goal

A cognitive representation of a desired endpoint that impacts evaluations, emotions, and behaviors

Implementation intention

An if-then plan to engage in a goal-directed behavior whenever a particular cue is encountered

Attraction

The desire to approach someone

Communal Relationship

A relationship in which the individuals feel a special responsibility for one another and give and receive according to the principle of need (often long term)

Exchange Realationship

A relationship in which the individuals feel a little responsibility toward one another; giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity (usually short term)

Communal Strength

How responsive you feel for a partners need

Comparison Level

Expectations people have about what they should get out of a relationship

high comparison level

expect a lot out of a relationship

low comparison level

expect very little out of relationships

Attachment Theory

The idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can chape relationships for a person’s whole life

Secure personality

think people are good, nice and kind; feel comfortable around close others, behave by seeking other out, particularly when they are stressed.

Avoidant Person

Think people can’t be trusted and close relationships aren’t needed; feel not much of anything when with others; behave by keeping a distance from others and avoiding self-disclosure

Anxious Ambivalent Person

Think a person doesn’t like them as much as they like the person; feel afraid of relationships with close others, but desperately want them; Behave by constantly seeking approval and reassurance from close others

Emotional support

Affection, acceptance, and reassurance

Physical Comfort

Affectionate touch

Advice support

information and guidance

material support

tangible assistance in the form of money, goods, or services

Capitalization

The sharing of a personally beneficial or positive event with others and deriving additional benefit from this sharing

Gratitude

quality of being thankful

Dyadic Withdrawal

When we are in romantic relationships, we tend to invest less in our friendships

Socioemotional selectivity thoery

Changes in our interpersonal goals drive changes in our social networks. As we get older, we focus on curating a smaller social network with more meaningful interactions

Basic Emotion Theory

A handful of emotions are basic and hard-wired in all humans. These emotions are universally expressed through facial expressions, which others can easily decode

Constructivist Theory of Emotion

Emotions and expressions are built based on affect and the current contact (ex. language skills, environmental setting, relationships between expresser and perceiver)

Affect

Mental representation of the state of the body in relation to the world which captures both valence and arousal

Positive high arousal

happy

negative high arousal

anxious

negative low arousal

sad

postive low arousal

content

Emotion Regulation

The ability to alter one’s own emotional state. It may involve reappraisal, acceptance, or suppression

Entity theory of intelligence

the belief that intelligence is something people are born with and can’t change (sometimes called a fixed mindset)

Incremental theory of intelligence

The belief that intelligence is something people can prove