Exam 3 - little vocab

Copernicus

Polish Astronomer + Church Official, developed idea of heliocentricity (sun-centered, everything revolves around it) published “celestial spheres”

Blaise Pascal

French Philosopher and Mathematician, Argued that faith and reason were essential components to Christianity, Advocates for scientific revolution BUT wanted implications for faith

Laws of Nature

Universal principle, predictable, Basic rules that describe how the world works

Epistemology

The theory of knowledge

Colonialism and Imperialism

Imperialism: The goal of extending the rule of an empire or nation over foreign countries

Colonialism: The policy or practice of acquiring political control over another country, exporting settlers, and exploiting its resources

Natural Rights

Right to life, liberty, and properties for all persons, BUT not everyone has rights: non-Europeans, women, the poor because "they are not fully human"

Glorious Revolution

A mostly peaceful time, King James II replaced with William and Mary. Limited monarchs power

American Revolution

13 American colonies fought for independence from Great Britain. Also reflects Locke's enlightenment philosophy.

French Revolution

French people overthrew King Louis XVI because of unfair taxes, inequality, and hunger, Turned into year-long "Reign of Terror", Reflects Locke's enlightenment philosophy

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Forced transportation of millions (12+) of Africans across Atlantic ocean to work as enslaved labor in the Americas

Adam Smith

Scottish economist, advocated for removing government interference from economic activity
-Rise of modern capitalism: shift from local markets to global

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the united states, Author of American Declaration of Independence
-Adapted Locke's language of natural rights

George Whitefield

Powerful english preacher, Friend of Wesley
-Helped spread Evangelical Christianity across the Atlantic world

First great Awakening

A religious revival in England and America, Made people more passionate about faith
-Changed how Americans practice Christianity (birth of African American Christianity)

Voltarie

French Deist, Challenged traditional church + Promoted reason and freedom of speech
-His writings helped shape human rights and liberty

Inerrancy

No errors (Whatever scripture says is true)

Inspiration

Influenced by God but written by humans
-Scripture is God's message to humans

Abolition Movement

Ended slavery in the U.S.
-Helped form the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery

Suffrage Movement

Campaign that won women's right to vote (Advanced gender equality)
-Led to the 19th amendment (illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on gender)

Seneca Falls Convention

-First women's rights convention
-Produced "Declaration of Sentiments" (all genders are equal)
-Led to women's right to vote

Salvation Army

The organization started to preach the gospel Christian charitable organization, address the material needs of the working poor in London, didn’t discriminate

“German Christians”

-Believed Hitler was the Messiah and retold who Jesus is
-Attempted to put the church under control of Nazi government

Conscientious Objector

-Anabaptists/Mennonites
-Refused to fight/kill so they were medics and helped the military in other ways

Adolf Hitler

-Veteran that found for Germany in WWI
-Led to WWII and the Holocaust