final exam study guide

U.S. Senator Term

6

House of Representatives Term

2

Qualifications for Senator

• At least 30 years old

• U.S. citizen for 9 years

• Live in the state represented

Qualifications for House of Representatives

• At least 25 years old

• U.S. citizen for 7 years

• Live in the state represented

President of the Senate

Vice President of the United States

Rights in the Bill of Rights

• Speech

• Religion

• Press

• Assembly

• Bear arms

• Fair trial

• Protection from unreasonable searches

Last Group to Gain Voting Rights

18-year-olds

If President Doesn't Sign or Return a Bill

Becomes law after 10 days if Congress is in session

Presidential Term

4 years

24th Amendment

Ended poll taxes in federal elections

Pleading the 5th

Refusing to answer questions that could incriminate yourself

Branches of Government

• Legislative (Congress)

• Executive (President)

• Judicial (Courts)

Qualifications to Be President

• Natural-born citizen

• At least 35 years old

• Lived in U.S. for 14 years

How Congress Overrides a Veto

2/3 vote in both House and Senate

Search Warrant

Court order allowing police to search property

Electoral College

System used to elect the president

Federal Judge Term

Life term (good behavior)

How New States Are Admitted

Congress passes an admission act

How a Bill Becomes Law

• Introduced

• Committee review

• House votes

• Senate votes

• President signs

Commander in Chief

president

Judiciary Act of 1789

Created the federal court system

Judiciary Act of 1801

• Created more federal judgeships

• Led to the "Midnight Judges" controversy

Thomas Pinckney

Negotiated Pinckney's Treaty with Spain

Whiskey Rebellion

• Farmers protested whiskey tax

• Washington sent troops to stop it

Alien and Sedition Acts

• Restricted immigrants

• Limited criticism of government

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established Judicial Review

Federalists

• Favored strong national government

• Led by Alexander Hamilton

Louisiana Purchase

• U.S. bought territory from France in 1803

• Doubled size of nation

Thomas Jefferson

• 3rd President

• Bought Louisiana Territory

XYZ Affair

French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats

War of 1812 Causes

• British impressment of sailors

• British support of Native Americans

War of 1812 Major Events

• Washington, D.C. burned

• Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the war in 1814

Tecumseh

Native American leader who united tribes

Andrew Jackson

• 7th President

• Common man's president

Nullification

States claiming they can ignore federal laws

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri = slave state

• Maine = free state

• 36°30' line for slavery

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans

Indian Removal Act

Authorized removal of tribes from Southeast

Monroe Doctrine

Europe should stay out of the Americas

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney's machine that cleaned cotton faster

McCulloch v. Maryland

States cannot tax federal institutions

Tariff of 1816

Protected American industry

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

Very high tariff; angered South

Bank of the United States

• National bank

• Jackson opposed it

John C. Calhoun

Strong supporter of states' rights

Erie Canal

Connected Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean

Adams-Onís Treaty

Spain gave Florida to U.S.

American System

Henry Clay's plan:

• Tariffs

• National bank

• Internal improvements

Industrial Revolution

Machines increased production

Supporters of States' Rights

• Southern Democrats

• John C. Calhoun

Spoils System

Government jobs given to supporters

Jackson, Banks, and Panic of 1837

• Jackson destroyed national bank

• Economic problems followed

Dorothea Dix

Improved treatment of mentally ill

Abolition

Movement to end slavery

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and abolitionist leader

David Walker

Called for immediate end to slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

Published The Liberator

Immigration

Large numbers from Ireland and Germany

Grimké Sisters

Anti-slavery and women's rights activists

Temperance Movement

Wanted to reduce alcohol use

Lucretia Mott

Women's rights leader

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Organized women's rights movement

Mill Girls

Women working in textile factories

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Leader of transcendentalism

Cult of Domesticity

Women expected to focus on home and family

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival movement

Strikebreakers

Workers (mostly immigrants) hired to replace strikers

Unitarianism

Religion emphasizing reason

Transcendentalism

Self-reliance and connection with nature

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Major slave revolt in Virginia (1831)

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention (1848)

Industrialization

Growth of factories and machine production

Canals vs Railroads

• Canals: cheaper, slower

• Railroads: faster, usable year-round

Market Revolution

Improved transportation and communication increased trade

Specialization

Producing one product or task efficiently

Telegraph

• made by Samuel Morse

• Instant long-distance communication

Mechanical Reaper

made by Cyrus McCormick,Harvested grain faster

Steel Plow

made by John Deere,Broke tough prairie soil

Why Settlers Went to Texas

Cheap land

Mormons

Religious group led west by Brigham Young

Empresarios

Agents who brought settlers to Texas

Alamo

Famous Texas battle against Mexico

Manifest Destiny

Belief U.S. should expand west

Annexation of Texas

Texas joined U.S. in 1845

James K. Polk

Expansionist president

Gadsden Purchase

Bought land for southern railroad route

Winfield Scott

U.S. general in Mexican-American War

Zachary Taylor

General and later president

Stephen Kearny

Captured New Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Ended Mexican-American War

• Mexico ceded land to U.S.

Gold Rush

California gold discovered in 1848

Secession

Leaving the Union

Compromise of 1850

• California free state

• Stronger Fugitive Slave Act

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Political Parties of the 1850s

• Democrats: popular sovereignty

• Republicans: stop slavery expansion

• Whigs: fading party

Popular Sovereignty

Voters decide slavery issue

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

21 hours of Debates over slavery expansion

Dred Scott Decision

• Slaves not citizens

• Congress couldn't ban slavery in territories

Confederacy States

Southern states that seceded