Cellular adaptations/maladaptations & Etiologic factors

Etiology

Cause of disease/injury/dysfunction

Homeostasis

Equillibrium

Adaptive changes

- Compensatory changes in an attempt to maintain homeostasis

- Atrophy (shrinkage of cell size)

- Hypertrophy (increase in cell size)

- Hyperplasia (increase in cell number

Maladaptive changes

- Alterations of cell structure or function

- Metaplasia (replacement of one cell type by another; usually from chronic inflammation)

- Dysplasia (deranged cellular growth; can be caused by chronic inflammation or precancerous conditions)

Benign cells

Resemble normal cells, well differentiated

Malignant cell

Cells look different, poorly differentiated

Apoptosis

Organized process that eliminates unwanted, unnecessary, or damaged cells without inflammation or any adverse effects on surrounding tissue