Networking and Protocols Overview
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These flashcards cover key networking terms, concepts related to network topology, data transmission methods, and the OSI model layers.
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1076 Terms
Mesh Topology
A network structure where each device is interconnected.
Full Mesh
A topology where every node is directly connected to every other node.
Partial Mesh
A topology where some nodes are connected to all others, while others are only connected to the most commonly used nodes.
TCP/IP
A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Ensures the reliable transmission of data packets from sender to receiver.
IP (Internet Protocol)
Routes packets to their destination IP addresses.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A network that connects devices over a limited geographic area, like a home or office.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that covers a broad area, connecting multiple LANs, such as the Internet.
Routing
Process of selecting the best path for data packets to travel across a network.
OSI Model
A conceptual framework used to understand network communication through seven layers.
Physical Layer
The lowest layer of the OSI model, dealing with how bits are transmitted over physical media.
Modulation
The process of converting digital data into an analog signal for transmission.
ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)
A modulation technique that varies the amplitude of the carrier signal.
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
A modulation technique that changes the frequency of the carrier signal to represent data.
PSK (Phase Shift Keying)
A modulation technique where the phase of the carrier signal is changed to convey information.
Simplex
A communication method where data flows in only one direction.
Half-Duplex
A communication method that allows two-way data transmission, but not simultaneously.
Full-Duplex
A communication method that allows simultaneous two-way data transmission.
Frame
A data packet at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.
Packet
A formatted unit of data at the Network Layer of the OSI model.
Token
A packet that grants permission to transmit in a Token Ring network.
Acknowledgement (ACK)
A message that confirms successful receipt of data in communication.
Bridge
A device that connects different network segments and operates at the Data Link Layer.
Encapsulation
The process of adding headers to data as it moves down the layers of the OSI model.
Token Ring
A LAN technology that uses a token-passing protocol for network access.
Collisions
When two devices attempt to send data over the same channel simultaneously.
Data Link Layer
Layer 2 of the OSI model responsible for node-to-node data transfer.
Network Layer
Layer 3 of the OSI model that handles packet forwarding and routing.
Transport Layer
Layer 4 of the OSI model that ensures complete data transfer.
Session Layer
Layer 5 of the OSI model that manages sessions in communication.
Presentation Layer
Layer 6 of the OSI model that translates data between the application and network formats.
Application Layer
Layer 7 of the OSI model that provides network services to end-user applications.