sociology key terms and sociologists

what is functionalism?

functionalists believe society is stable and is based on everything working together to maintain social order and harmony. It emphasizes the role of social institutions in fulfilling necessary functions for the survival of society.

what is marxism?

marxism is a theory which belives society has conflict between classes so the rich exploit the poor (bourgeoisie and proletariat)

what is feminism?

feminists believe society is patriarchal and women are oppressed within family and education and they aim for gender equality

what does murdock believe are the four functions of the family?

reproduction,economic support,sxual needs,socialisation

what did parsons say about the family?

it is the primary socialisation of children and the nuclear family fits modern society

what is the nuclear family?

the nuclear family is the “traditional family” consists of two married parents (mum and dad) and their children

what are conjugal roles?

roles in the household,shared roles and segregated roles

why are families changing?

changes in law,more divorce,changes in norms,more women working

what is the hidden curriculum

unwritten rules which are taught in school like obedience and punishment

what is the self fufilling prophecy?

if a teacher labels a student it can lead to the student believing it and then continuing to act on it

what is socialisation?

learning norms,values and behaviour

what are norms and values

norms are expected behaviours and values are beliefs about right/wrong

what is meritocracy?

power, rewards, and social status are vested in individuals based on demonstrated ability, talent, and effort (merit) rather than inherited wealth, social class, or family background

what is culture?

shared way of life including norms,values,beliefs and customs of a society

what is material deprivation/factors

lack of money,books,housing,resources etc

what is cultural deprivation/factors

lack of values,skills,language etc