hepatitis

acute hepatitis assoicated with what

hepatocyte necrosis/ degeneration

bact inf

viral inf

what leads to no infl

hypoxia, ischaemia

chronic hepatitis features

periportal lymphocytes + plasma cells infiltration

hepatocyte apoptosis, necrosis

bridging fibrosis

fibrosis occurs when

necrosis → loss of architecture → repair

fibrosis histo

basophilic

reticulin framework def

necrosis → architecture loss

chronic active hepatitis - cause

idiopathic, lepto, inf canine hepatitis, aflatoxicosis, cu toxicity

chronic active hepatitis - leads to

cirrhosis

chronic active hepatitis - histo

bridging fibrosis, hydropic degeneration, pigment, mononu infiltration

hydropic degeneration def

fluid in hepatocytes

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - def

infl from biliary tree

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - triaditis def in cats

asc infl via common bile duct, pancreatitis, infl bowel dsease

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - triaditis CS

ascites, jaundice, polyphagia, WL

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - triaditis gross

pancreatic + biliary ducts fuse before entering duodenum

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - triaditis histo

suppurative infl

lymphocytic + plasmacytic periportal infiltration

bile duct hyperplasia

periportal fibrosis

biliary cirrhosis

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - common bile duct posh name

ductus choledochus

cholangitis/ cholangiohepatitis - biliary cirrhosis histo

sev porto portal fibrosis, bile duct + nodular hepatic hyperplasia

viral cuases

inf canine hepatitis (CAV1)

EHV1

canine herpes virus 1

rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1/2)

FCV

FIP

inf canine hepatitis - virus name

CAV1

inf canine hepatitis - pathogenesis

oronasal inf → tonsils, LN, lymphatics, thoracic duct → viraemia → hepatocytes, corneal epi, kupffer cells, glomerular epi, BV endothelium

inf canine hepatitis - gross

haemorrhage, oedema, necrosis, fibrin

inf canine hepatitis - CS if hgigh titre

V, malaena, fever, abd pain, ascites

inf canine hepatitis - histo

necrotic hepatocytes, intranu inclusion bodies, centrilobular necrosis

EHV1- pathogenesis

transplacental inf → uterine endothelium, vasculitis, thrombi → placental detachment → late abortion

EHV1- gestation time for abortion

>7mon

EHV1- foetal mf necrosis locations

liver, lung, thymus, spleen, brain, adrenal glands

EHV1+ canine HV1 - histo

foetal hepatocyte intranu inclusion bodies

EHV1- warnings to oweners

mare, placenta, foetus infectious

canine HV1 - transmission

intra uterine, birth, ing, inh

canine HV1 - gross

mf necrosis, haemorrhage, DIC

rabbit haemorrhagic disease - vrial cause

calicivirus (RHDV1/2)

rabbit haemorrhagic disease - transmission

faeco oral inf, fomites

rabbit haemorrhagic disease - gross

DIC, mf haemorrhage, mf hepatic necrosis, glomeruli microthrombi

rabbit haemorrhagic disease - hsito

hepatocyte necrosis

feline systemic calicivirus - usually associated with

cat flu

feline systemic calicivirus - gross

necrotising dermatitis + hepatitis

FIP - cause

FCoV

FIP - pathogenesis

oral inf → enterocyte inf → monocyte associated viraemia → immune complexes in endothelium

FIP - gross

granulomatous phlebitis, serositis, hepatitis

routes of liver entry to cause abscess + granulomas

portal v

umbilical v

hepatic a

bile duct/ system

parasites

direct inf extension

causes of liver abscesses + granulomas

enteric bact

francisella tularensis

nocardia asteroides

actinobacillus

mycobact

fusobact necrophorum

necrobacillosis - cause (gram - filament anaerobe)

fusobact necrophorum

necrobacillosis - disease in ruminants from carb diet → rumen acidosis

rumenitis liver abscess sydrome

necrobacillosis - rumenitis liver abscess syndrome pathogenesis → mf necrosis, abscess

carb diet → rumen acidosis → change in microflora → mucosa defects → bacteraemia → portal v

tulaeamia - cause (gram - zoonosis)

francisella tularensis

tulaeamia - vector/ reservoir

tick

tulaeamia - pathogenesis

inoculation site → local inf + lymphadenitis → bacteraemia

tulaeamia - gross

ulcerated LN, peyers patches ulcers, necrotising lymphadenitis, hepatitis, splenitis

yersinosis - cause (gram - zoonotic)

yersinia pseudotuberculosis

yersinosis - gross

mesenteric LN + spleen + liver microabscess

yersinosis - pathogenesis

enteric inf → invade mucosa + peyers → microabscess → disseminate if immunosuppressed

tuberculosis - cause (zoonotic)

mycobact bovis, tb, avium

tuberculosis - gross

miliary hepatic necrosis, mf granulomatous infl

leptospirosis - cause (spirochaete, zoonotic)

leptospira canicola, icterohaemorrhagica, grippotyphosa

leptospirosis - pathogenesis

mm/skin → blood replication → organs

leptospirosis - where do they persist

renal tubular epi

leptospirosis - gross (liver + kidney)

l- hepatocellular necrosis, chronic active hepatitis

k- tubular necrosis

DIC, uveitis, abortion

leptospirosis - CS

jaundice, anaemia

leptospirosis - histo

rounded cells, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, dark basophilic nu, loss of cords/plates

leptospirosis - special stain

warthin starry stain

tyzzers disease - cause (gram - zoonotic)

clostridium piliforme

tyzzers disease - pathogenesis

rodent faeces → intestine epi proliferation → liver spread if immunosuppressed → necrosis

tyzzers disease - gross

ulcerative necrotising colitis + typhlitis

toxoplasmosis - histo

tachyzoites in hepatocytes

leishmania infantum - pathogenesis (amastigotes in histo)

macrophage inf → replication → macrophage rupture → inf new cells

leishmania infantum - gross

granulomatous hepatitis

eimeria stiedai - pathogenesis

replicate in bile duct epi → proliferation

liver fluke species

fasciola hepatica, dicrocoelium dendriticum

acute fascioliasis - cause

larval migration

acute fascioliasis - CS

fever, lassitude, inappetance, abd distension, anaemia

acute fascioliasis - gross

migratory haemorrhagic tracts, ven lobe → capsular fibrosis

acute fascioliasis - histo

blood filled tunnels, larvae, MNGC

acute fascioliasis - sequelae

granulation tissue → fibrosis → healing

encystment

black disease

chronic fascioliasis

chronic fascioliasis - gross

chronic hyperplastic cholangitis, calcification, dilated bile ducts

chronic fascioliasis - CS

anaemia, hypoproteinaemia

types of cestode inf

hepatophilic

serosophilic

nematodes in liver

ascaris suum

toxocara canis, mystax

strongylus equinus, edentatus

capillaria hepatica