Health Science 1000 Exam 2 Study Guide

What is a cognitive error?

A mental shortcut used to process information quickly

Cognitive biases are considered:

Systematic thinking errors

Which brain region helps override biases using reasoning and executive control?

Prefrontal cortex

Availiability bias occurs when:

Decisions are based on the first or most memorable idea available

Confirmation bias is best describe as:

Favoring information that supports a preliminary diagnosis

Which of the following is considered a characteristic of patient-centered care?

All of the above

According to the lecture, which group may systematically receive lower-quality health care?

All of the above

The lecture states that lack of patient-centered care is:

Sometimes unconscious and sometimes intentional

Which is an example of weight bias in health care?

Assuming all health problems are caused by weight

Which factor was identified as a contributor to obesity?

All of the above

Providers with limited experience caring for people with disabilities may incorrectly assume:

All of the above

One effect of biased health care is:

Delayed screenings and referrals

The lecture explains that race is:

A social construct

The eGFR race correction was based on the false assumption that:

Black people systematically have higher muscle mass

A dangerous result of the eGFR race correction was:

Delayed interventions for African American patients

According to the Human Genome Project findings discussed in class:

Biologically meaningful races are scientifically flawed

Which action can improve patient-centered care?

All of the above

The lecture encourages students to:

Listen for understanding rather than responding

Which statement about cognitive biases is TRUE?

Practice can help people recognize and challenge them

According to the lecture, striving to improve patient-centered care requires:

Continued learning and self-reflection

Health literacy is best defined as the ability to:

Obtain, read, understand, and use health information and services

In a study of medication instructions, what percentage of patients did NOT understand instructions on more than one label?

46%

Which of the following can cause dosing instructions to be misunderstood?

All of the above

According to the presentation, health literacy includes the ability to:

All of the above

Approximately how many Americans have difficulty understanding and using health information?

90 million

Poor health literacy is associated with:

Increased hospitalization risk

Patients often forget what percentage of information told to them immediately after leading a healthcare visit?

40-50%

The presentation states that the more information patients are given:

The less they recall

Average annual healthcare costs for people with low health literacy are approximately:

$13,000

Which is NOT considered a human cost of poor health literacy?

More work and leisure time

Universal precautions in health literacy assume that:

Communication errors can happen in all healthcare encounters

Which of the following is part of the “universal precautions” strategy?

All of the above

The “teach back” method is used to:

Confirm patient understanding

According to the presentation, most patients do NOT understand:

Anatomy terminology

Which communication strategy is recommended when talking with familes?

Focus on 2-3 key concepts

Health literacy effects public health topics such as:

All of the above

Which health literacy level includes a simple patient education handout?

Basic

Which of the following is associated with poor health literacy?

All of the above

Why is health literacy especially important today?

All of the above

Which statement best summarizes the presentation?

Health literacy impacts health outcomes, cost, and quality of care