The Expression of Genetic Information via Genes II: Non-coding RNAs

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to non-coding RNAs and their functions.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)

RNA molecules that do not encode polypeptides and can bind to other molecules.

Ribozyme

An RNA molecule that has catalytic functions, such as peptidyltransferase activity of a ribosome.

Telomerase RNA Component (TERC)

An ncRNA that assists telomerase in DNA replication by binding to the telomeres.

HOTAIR

An ncRNA that regulates transcription by forming a scaffold that binds protein complexes to modify histones.

RNA interference (RNAi)

A biological process where double-stranded RNA causes the degradation of mRNAs, inhibiting their translation.

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

An RNA-protein complex that directs polypeptides to their correct location in the cell, such as the endoplasmic reticulum.

Decoy

An ncRNA that binds to other ncRNAs, preventing them from functioning.

Scaffold

A common function of ncRNAs where they bind multiple components like proteins to facilitate complex formation.

Blocker

An ncRNA that physically prevents a cellular process, such as blocking ribosome binding to inhibit translation.

CRISPR-Cas system

A bacterial defense system against bacteriophages that uses ncRNAs and proteins to recognize and cleave foreign DNA.