Central Asia/Cauc/Siberia Finals QUESTIONS

If I made any mistakes just lmk and I will edit it eventually

How would you describe the first peoples to arrive in southern Siberia?

Nomads and Hunter-gatherers

What forced the early people of Siberia to move onto the central Siberian plateau and conquer other parts of Siberia?

They were driven out by invaders from China

Once Russian control extended to the Pacific Ocean, what did the czars use this area for?

Exile political prisoners

What helped to encourage settlement in Siberia in the late 1800s-early 1900s?

The Trans-Siberian Railroad and free land offered by the czar

What group led to Siberia becoming a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/ Soviet Union/U.S.S.R?

The communists

Why did so many groups try to rule the region of Central Asia?

To gain control of the Silk Road

How was Islam (the main religion of Central Asia) brought to the region?

The Arab Conquest

In the mid-1300s- the conqueror Timur, conquered a huge area of Central Asia and the major city of Samarqand. What happened in the city?

It became a center for art, science, and math, and madrassas were established.

What was the major event in 1917 leading to Central Asia declaring independence from Russia?

Russian Revolution

What were the positive and negative effects of the Soviet Union regaining control of Central Asia in the 1920s?

Positive- Built dams for power and irrigation, Built one of the world’s largest canals to irrigate desert land, increased industry through mining and factories. Negative- Forced people to resettle in other regions, forced farmers and herders into collectives, uprooted local cultures, and closed mosques to end Islam in the region.

The Caucasus is a crossroads between what two areas?

Europe and Asia

What countries of the Caucasus have had briefs periods of self-rule and established kingdoms?

Georgia and Armenia

What conqueror of Central Asia also claimed the Caucasus for their empire?

Timur

How did the relationship between Armenia and Russia change from the 1700s to 1800s? How did this effect Armenia?

Armenia asked Russia for protection from Muslim rulers. Russia annex only part of the region leaving the rest in the Ottoman Empire. When the Ottoman part of Armenia asked for reform, they ere accused of supporting Russia, leading to the Armenian Genocide.

What were the positive and negative effects of the Soviet Union regaining control of the Caucasus in the 1920s?

Positive- Changed the region from agricultural to industrial, Ended other invasions and instability in the region. Negative- crushed other opposition, Groups were resettled into other areas of the USSR, People were punished for showing ethnic pride.

What other groups live in Siberian Russia other than Russians?

Mongols, Turks, and Indigenous people

What is the only country in Central Asia with a largely urban population?

Kazakstan

What country in Central Asia has most of their population living in oasis areas?

Turkmenistan

Other than the major ethnic group for each country, how many smaller groups are in the region of the Caucasus?

50

What is the main language in Siberia and Central Asia?

Russian

What group in the Caucasus has been involved in several ethnic conflicts?

Armenians

What has been the major challenge in the Caucasus and Central Asia after the end of Soviet rule?

Establishing a stable, democratic government

What has been the major issue with the Aral Sea? What has this led to?

Losing its water from canals built for irrigation (90%). This has led to the area becoming dry and filled with salt and farm chemicals which was carried hundreds of miles away by wind, causing lung diseases and cancer rates to rise.

What have been the main areas of territorial disputes in these regions?

Ethnic-related disputes offer the Caspian Sea, dispute between Russia and Japan over the Kuril Islands.