Earth Science Regents

Minutes

There are 60 of these in a latitude/longitude degree.

Density=

Mass/Volume

Index Fossils

Fossils that can be used to identify a rock layer's age.

Traits of index fossils

Lived everywhere and for a short period of time.

Latitude

Runs East to West/ NYS is always North

Longitude

Runs North to South/ NYS is always West

Page 8

Reference table page for living things.

Page 9

Reference table page for geologic events and non-living things.

Center of Pages 8 and 9

Has all index fossils on them.

Wet Bulb

Temperature is always less than dry bulb temperature.

Add 9

For station model format pressures 500 or greater.

Add 10

For station model format pressures less than 500.

Direction they come from

Winds are named for the

Divergent plate boundaries

Sea-floor spreads, creating new magma and a convection current.

Low Pressure Mass

Inward, Counterclockwise (air is rising)

More Space

The reason air moves from high to low pressure.

Snow

Weather associated with low.

Dry

Weather associated with high.

Coriolis Effect

Why low goes counterclockwise.

More room

Why low goes inward.

Why precipitation occurs.

Air rises, cools, condenses, forms clouds, precipitation occurs.

Cold front

Leads to sudden heavy rain/snow/thunderstorms

Why cold front leads to rain

Cold front forces warm air up faster than a warm front

Warm front

Leads to ongoing, light rain

Rain

Weather that occurs at frontal boundaries

Cold

Which air temperature is denser?

Outward, Clockwise

Directions of a High Pressure air mass

Orographic Effect

Effect in which side of a mountain closest to wind/water is cold and wet, and the other side is hot and dry.

Windward

Side of a mountain that wind is directly blowing on/closest to a body of water

Leeward

Side of a mountain that wind is not directly blowing on

Hot and Dry

Conditions on the leeward side of the mountain

Cool and Wet

Conditions on the windward side of a mountain

Reason for windward and leeward

Air is forced to rise up and over a mountain, when it goes over it cools and sinks on the other side, making it warmer

Low

Pressure conditions on windward side of a mountain

High

Pressure conditions on leeward side of a mountain

Convection

The most common process of which energy is transferred in Earth's atmosphere

Convection Current/Cell

Warm air rises, cools and sinks, creating winds

Unequal heating of Earth's surface (differences in pressure and air densities)

Cause of winds

Sun

The driving force behind all processes on Earth

Earth's rotation

Why the sun appears to move in the sky

Summer

Season in which the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun (but farthest)

Northeast

Direction that the sun's path is in June

Southeast

Direction that the sun's path is in December

Equinoxes

These two seasons both have the same path of the sun.

Southerly

Direction sun is always in (because NY is North of the Equator)

Reasons for Seasons

Parallelism, Earth's tilt on its axis and Earth's revolution around the sun

Highest

Angle of insolation during the summer (farthest from the sun)

Incoming Solar Radiation

Insolation

Lowest

Angle of insolation during the winter (closest from the sun)

Perihelion

Term describing when the Earth is closest to the sun

Aphelion

Term describing when the Earth is farthest from the sun

Sol and Helio

Words referring to the sun

Longer

In winter, a shadow would be this.

Sunrise and Sunset

This is when shadows are longest.

Solar Noon

This is when shadows are shortest.

later.

In summer solar noon is

No tilt

If there was (blank) the north and south poles would be the same temperature and very cold. Seasons would be more like spring and fall all year.

tilted more

If (blank), warmer summers and cooler winters would occur.

More extreme

The (blank) the tilt, the (blank) the temperature range.

Moon's orbit

Reason for phases of the moon.

Waxing (growing bigger)

When the left side is lit it's

Waning (growing smaller)

When the right side is lit it's

3 Days

Each moon phase lasts...

24 Days

The whole cycle takes

Doppler Effect (Red Shift)

Evidence the universe is expanding

Red Shift

Objects moving away from Earth, wavelengths farther apart

Blue shift

Objects moving towards Earth, wavelengths closer together

Universe , Galaxy, Star, Planet

Put these in size order: Universe, Star, Planet, Galaxy

Milky Way

Our galaxy is called the...

Spiral Galaxy

Our galaxy is a...

The middle of a spiral arm

Our solar system is located on...

A black hole

It is believed that this is in the center of our galaxy

Nuclear Fusion

The process by which energy is released from stars

One Helium

In nuclear fusion, two hydrogen atoms combine to create...

Main Sequence, Red Giant, Blue Supergiant, White Dwarf

Put these phases of stellar evolution in order: Red Giant, Blue Supergiant, White Dwarf and Main Sequence.

Main Sequence

Our sun is a (blank) star.

Supernova (may end in black hole)

Particularly large supergiants may explode into a...

Billions

How many stars are in a galaxy?

Spring Tides

Extremely low and extremely high tides (Either a new or full moon, lined up with the sun and the Earth horizontally)

Neap tides

Less extreme high and low tides (Quarter moon lined up vertically with the Earth)

Between

High tides are always (blank) the moon and the Earth.

Erosion

This is always on the outside of a meander in a stream.

Deposition

This is always on the inside of a meander in a stream.

Outside of Curve

A river is always the fastest here

Inside of Curve

A river is always slowest here

Surface of Water

Rivers are faster here

V-shaped

Rivers form these shaped Valleys

U-shaped

Glaciers form these shaped Valleys

Observer's latitude

Polaris's altitude is always equal to this

Dynamic Equilibrium

This occurs in a place in a stream where there is no curve.

Same Density

The same substance always has the (blank), no matter what size it is.

Density Decreases

As temperature increases,

Density Increases

As pressure increases,

Solid State

Most substances are densest in their

Liquid

Water is densest as a (blank).

Cyclic

Most changes in the environment are

Air,water,rock and living life

Match the spheres with the element they support. Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.

Troposphere

All living things live in this sphere/Weather occurs in this sphere.

Sphere

The best model of the Earth is this shape.

Oblate Spheroid (slightly flat at the poles and bulging in the center)

The Earth's actual shape is this.