cofactors and coenzymes

What is a pro enzyme

Inactive precursor enzyme

How does activation of an enzyme occur

Another enzyme or change in environment (temp or pH) to change tertiary structure

How does Pepsinogen become activated

Pepsinogen is inactive pepsin enzyme, change in pH alters tertiary structure of enzyme to make it complementary to peptide bonds

What are cofactors

Non protein molecules that need to be present to ensure an enzyme catalysed reaction takes place at an appropriate rate

What are the 3 types of cofactors

Mineral ions, co enzymes and prosthetic groups

What is the first type of co factor

Mineral ions that are temporarily bound to the enzyme to aid formation of enzyme substrate complex and increase ROR

What is an example of type 1cofactor

Starch to maltose uses amylase and a Cl- ion

What is a cosubstrate

cofactors that bind to the substrate, substrate and cofactor form the correct shape to fit into the active site

What is a coenzyme

Type 2, small organic molecules that temporarily bind to active site, when used structure is changed so must be recycled, derived from vitamins

What are prosthetic groups

Permanently bound to enzyme by covalent bonds

Example of a prosthetic group

Zn+ for carbonic anhydrase