Tenses

Past Perfect (I had spoken)

había habíamos

habías habíais → ex. Había hablado (He had spoken)

había habían

-ar = ado

-er/ir = ido

Preterite (I spoke)

-ar

é amos

aste asteis

ó aron

-er/ir

í imos

iste isteis

ió ieron

-irregular

e imos

iste

o ieron

Imperfect (I was speaking) (Habitual)

-ar

aba ábamos

abas abais

aba aban

-er/ir

ía íamos

ías íais

ías ían

Present Perfect (I have spoken)

he hemos

has habéis

ha han

Conditional (I would speak)

*Add to infinitive

ía íamos

ías íais

ía ían

Short Future (I am going to speak)

voy a vamos a

vas a vais a

va a van a

Future (I will speak)

é emos

ás éis

á án

Affirmative Imperative (Speak!)

-ar

— emos

a ad

e en

-er/ir

— amos

e ed

a an

Negative Imperative (Do NOT speak!)

-ar

— emos

es éis

e en

-er/ir

— amos

as áis

a an

Direct (I see it)

The WHAT (person, place, or thing)

me nos

te os

lo/la los/las

Indirect (He teaches me)

To/FOR WHOM

me nos

te os

le les

Se

1. Reflexive Se: the personal pronoun is always used before a reflexive verb

2. Reciprocal Se: used to indicate that two people, animals, or things do an action at the same time

3. Se (les/le): se is used to replace another personal pronoun (les or le)

4. Impersonal Se: se impersonal is used to avoid saying which is the subject of the action

5. Passive Se: passive expressions where we don’t know the subject

6. Pronominal verb (Se): reflexive verb with se at the end of the verb