Principles of Adult Education

Flashcards covering adult education principles, learning theories (Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Humanism, Experiential), Malcolm Knowles' Andragogy, Taylor and Hamdy's learning process, and lesson planning strategies.

Who wrote the 1926 pioneer paper "The Meaning of Adult Education"?

Eduard C. Lindeman

According to Taylor and Hamdy, what is the focus of instrumental learning theories?

The learner’s individual experience, specifically behavioral learning theories where stimuli in the environment produce changes in behaviour.

How does Skinner (1974) define behavior in the context of Behaviorism?

Behavior is a function of its consequences; learners will repeat desired behavior if positive reinforcement is given.

What is the core focus of Cognitive learning theories?

Mental and psychological processes, perception, and processing of information rather than behavior.

What are the four stages of Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning cycle?

1. Concrete experience, 2. Observation and reflection, 3. Abstract conceptualization, 4. Active experimentation.

In Kolb’s cycle, what occurs during the "Concrete experience" stage?

Immersing yourself in the task; this is known as the "doing stage."

In Kolb’s cycle, what is the purpose of "Active experimentation"?

It is the "redoing stage" where the learner takes new learning to predict outcomes or refine how a task is done based on experience and reflection.

What metaphor does Cognitivism use for the human mind?

The mind as a computer, where information comes in, is processed, and learning occurs.

What is the definition of "Andragogy" according to the transcript?

The explanation of adults’ motivation and disposition to learning.

According to Rogers (1983), what is the basis of facilitative learning?

A belief that people have a natural human eagerness to learn and that learning involves changing your own concept of yourself.

What theory explores how critical reflection can challenge a learner's beliefs and assumptions?

Transformative learning theory

What are the three learning styles identified in the notes?

Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic.

Who theorized in 1967 that adult learning characteristics are based on specific assumptions like the "need to learn"?

Malcolm Knowles

According to the principle of "Orientation to learning," when do adults learn most effectively?

When new knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values are presented in the context of their application to real life situations.

What are the five stages of the learning process proposed by Taylor and Hamdy?

1. Dissonance, 2. Refinement, 3. Organization, 4. Feedback, 5. Consolidation.

Define the "Dissonance" stage in Taylor and Hamdy's learning process.

The stage where the learner’s existing knowledge is challenged and found to be incomplete.

What are the four steps of "Learning in the Clinical Setting"?

1. Exposure to an Experience, 2. Participation in an Experience, 3. Identification with the experience, 4. Dissemination of the Experience.

What are the different components required in a teaching plan for a clinical session?

Objectives, Time, Content, Teacher Activity, Learner Activity, and Evaluation.

According to White (2004) and the CDC (2003), how long should the vigorous rubbing of surfaces last during hand washing?

At least $15$ seconds.

What types of verbs should be avoided when writing lesson objectives?

Non-behavioral verbs such as appreciate, enjoy, understand, or love.

What is the purpose of the "Closure/Evaluation" phase of a lesson?

To leave students with an imprint of what the lesson covered through summaries, recaps, or assessments.