Anatomy Exam 2 - Ali Alroalle

Match each erector spinae muscle group with the parts it includes.

1. Includes cervical, thoracic, and lumbar parts

2. Includes cervical and thoracic parts

3. Includes capitis, cervical, and thoracic parts

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Iliocostalis group

B. Longissimus group

C. Spinalis group

A. Iliocostalis group - 1

B. Longissimus group - 3

C. Spinalis group - 2

Match each extrinsic muscle of the eye with the action they perform.

1. Pulls the eye inferiorly and medially

2. Adducts the eye

3. Abducts the eye

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Medial rectus

B. Lateral rectus

C. Inferior rectus

A. Medial rectus - 2

B. Lateral rectus - 3

C. Inferior rectus - 1

If you contract only your left sternocleidomastoid muscle, it rotates your head to the _____ side of the body.

Right

Match each muscle of the anterior neck with its function.

1. Elevates the hyoid bone

2. Depresses the hyoid bone

3. Depresses and fixes hyoid during opening of mouth

4. Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid bone    

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Digastric

B. Geniohyoid

C. Sternohyoid

D. Omohyoid

A. Digastric - 4

B. Geniohyoid - 1

C. Sternohyoid - 2

D. Omohyoid - 3

Which of the following muscles are in the superficial layer of the urogenital triangle?

Check All That Apply

• Puborectalis

• Bulbospongiosus

• Ischiocavernosus

• Superficial transverse perineal muscle

• Bulbospongiosus

• Ischiocavernosus

• Superficial transverse perineal muscle

The muscle that has its superior attachment on the mastoid process of the temporal bone and has a bilateral action of flexing the neck is the?

• sternocleidomastoid.

• middle scalene.

• splenius capitis.

• sternocleidomastoid.

The collection of muscles in the pelvic floor that function to support the pelvic viscera and act as a sphincter at the anorectal junction, urethra, and vagina is the?

• levator ani.

• coccygeus.

• gluteus maximus.

• external anal sphincter.

• levator ani.

Match each muscle of the pharynx with its function.

1. Elevates pharynx and larynx

2. Opens auditory tube when swallowing

3. Elevates soft palate when swallowing

4. Constricts pharynx in sequence

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Levator veli palatini

B. Tensor veli palatini

C. Middle constrictor

D. Palatopharyngeus

A. Levator veli palatini - 3

B. Tensor veli palatini - 2

C. Middle constrictor - 4

D. Palatopharyngeus - 1

Which of the following is a function of the erector spinae muscles?

Check All That Apply

• To move the upper limbs

• To maintain posture

• To rotate the neck

• To extend the vertebral column

• To maintain posture

• To extend the vertebral column

The muscle that primarily functions to pull the eye superiorly, and secondarily functions to move the eye medially, is the _____ _____ muscle.

Superior rectus

From superficial to deep, place the muscles of the abdominal wall in the correct order.

1. External oblique

2. Internal oblique

3. Transverse abdominis

• External oblique

• Internal oblique

• Transverse abdominis

Which of the following are functions of the abdominal wall muscle?

Check All That Apply

• Flexion of the vertebral column

• Extension of the vertebral column

• Compression of the abdominal wall

• Rotation of the hips

• Flexion of the vertebral column

• Compression of the abdominal wall

Which muscle is the most powerful of the masticatory muscles, and functions to elevate and protract the mandible?

• Masseter

• Temporalis

• Pterygoid

• Mandibular

• Masseter

Match each muscle of the tongue with its function.

1. Depresses and retracts tongue

2. Protracts tongue    

3. Elevates posterior part of tongue

4. Elevates and retracts tongue

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Genioglossus

B. Styloglossus

C. Hyoglossus

D. Palatoglossus

A. Genioglossus - 2

B. Styloglossus - 4

C. Hyoglossus - 1

D. Palatoglossus - 3

Match each muscle of the pelvic floor with its function.

1. Ejects urine; stiffens penis

2. Voluntarily constricts urethra

3. Forms pelvic floor

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Coccygeus

B. Bulbospongiosus

C. External urethral sphincter

A. Coccygeus - 3

B. Bulbospongiosus - 1

C. External urethral sphincter - 2

The primary protractor of the scapula is the?

• trapezius.

• pectoralis major.

• serratus anterior.

• rhomboid major.

• serratus anterior.

Which muscles flex the arm at the glenohumeral joint?

Check All That Apply

• Supraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Pectoralis major

• Deltoid (anterior fibers)

• Latissimus dorsi

• Coracobrachialis

• Biceps brachii

• Pectoralis major

• Deltoid (anterior fibers)

• Coracobrachialis

• Biceps brachii

Match each muscle of the leg with its action.

1. Plantar flexes and inverts the foot

2. Flexes the leg

3. Extends toes 2–5

4. Medially rotates the tibia

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Extensor digitorum longus

B. Gastrocnemius

C. Tibialis posterior

D. Popliteus

A. Extensor digitorum longus - 3

B. Gastrocnemius - 2

C. Tibialis posterior - 1

D. Popliteus - 4

True or false. The quadriceps femoris is the prime mover of knee extension.

True

The agonist of forearm flexion is the?

• brachialis.

• brachioradialis.

• triceps brachii.

• supinator.

• brachialis.

Which of the following muscles abduct the hand at the wrist?

Check All That Apply

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Adductor pollicis

• Flexor carpi radialis

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Flexor carpi radialis

True or false. In general, the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm tend to extend the wrist and fingers, while muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm tend to flex the wrist and fingers.

False

Which of the following muscles flex the thigh?

Check All That Apply

• Gracilis

• Iliacus

• Sartorius

• Pectineus

• Rectus femoris

• Psoas major

• Iliacus

• Sartorius

• Rectus femoris

• Psoas major

The abductor pollicis brevis functions to abduct the _____ .

Thumb

Which of the following thigh muscles has its distal attachment in the head of the fibula?

• Adductor magnus

• Gracilis

• Sartorius

• Biceps femoris

• Biceps femoris

Match each muscle with its action on the scapula.

1. Protracts scapula, depresses scapula

2. Elevates scapula, retracts scapula

3. Prime mover in scapula protraction, superiorly rotates scapula

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Pectoralis minor

B. Serratus anterior

C. Rhomboid major

A. Pectoralis minor - 1

B. Serratus anterior - 3

C. Rhomboid major - 2

Match each muscle that moves the arm with their action(s).

1. Flexes arm

2. Agonist of arm extension, adducts arm, medially rotates arm

3. Medially rotates arm

4. Agonist of arm flexion, adducts arm, medially rotates arm

5. Extends arm, adducts arm

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Latissimus dorsi

B. Pectoralis major

C. Triceps brachii (long head)

D. Biceps brachii

E. Subscapularis

A. Latissimus dorsi - 2

B. Pectoralis major - 4

C. Triceps brachii (long head) - 5

D. Biceps brachii - 1

E. Subscapularis - 3

The large, three-headed muscle that is the prime extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint is the _____ _____ .

Triceps brachii

Which muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Check All That Apply

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Flexor pollicis longus

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor digitorum

• Flexor digitorum

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor digitorum

The muscles that move the pectoral girdle attach to the scapula and the _____ .

Clavicle

Which muscle encircles the opening of the mouth?

• Corrugator supercilii

• Levator labii

• Risorius

• Orbicularis oris

• Orbicularis oris

The muscles that have their origin on the mandible and you would use to stick out your tongue are the left and right _____ muscles.

Genioglossus

True or false. During normal, relaxed exhalation, the internal intercostals contract to assist with this process.

False

Which of the following muscles that move the head and neck have their superior attachment in the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone?

Check All That Apply

• Scalene muscles

• Rectus capitis posterior major

• Rectus capitis posterior minor

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Rectus capitis posterior major

• Rectus capitis posterior minor

Which of the following muscles elevate the ribs during inhalation?

Check All That Apply

• Serratus posterior superior

• External intercostalis

• Transversus thoracis

• Internal intercostals

• Serratus posterior superior

• External intercostalis

Which of the following muscles extends the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe?

• Flexor hallucis brevis

• Extensor hallucis brevis

• Lumbricals

• Plantaris

• Extensor hallucis brevis

The rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles function to?

• protract the shoulders.

• rotate the head.

• extend the neck.

• depress the chin.

• extend the neck.

If you palpate around your eyebrows, you are feeling the _____, which marks the termination of the frontal region.

• occipital protuberance

• superciliary arches

• zygomatic arch

• mastoid process

• superciliary arches

Label the structures in this posterior view of the right forearm.

• Styloid process of radius

• Extensor digitorum

• Tendon of extensor digitorum

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Olecranon

• Head of styloid process of ulna

• 1 - Olecranon

• 2 - Extensor digitorum

• 3 - Extensor carpi ulnaris

• 4 - Head of styloid process of ulna

• 5 - Styloid process of radius

• 6 - Tendon of extensor digitorum

Match each region of the cranium and face with its description.

1. Includes the forehead

2. Includes the eyes

3. Includes the ear

4. Posterior part of the cranium

5. Includes the sides of the skull

6. Includes the nose

7. Includes the cheek

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Frontal region

B. Temporal region

C. Occipital region

D. Auricular region

E. Orbital region

F. Nasal region

G. Buccal region

A. Frontal region - 1

B. Temporal region - 5

C. Occipital region - 4

D. Auricular region - 3

E. Orbital region - 2

F. Nasal region - 6

G. Buccal region - 7

Label the structures in an anterior view of the right thigh.

• Lateral epicondyle of femur

• Vastus lateralis

• Medial epicondyle of femur

• Femoral triangle

• Rectus femoris

• Patella

• Tibial tuberosity

• Vastus medialis

• 1 - Vastus lateralis

• 2 - Patella

• 3 - Lateral epicondyle of femur

• 4 - Tibial tuberosity

• 5 - Femoral triangle

• 6 - Rectus femoris

• 7 - Vastus medialis

• 8 - Medial epicondyle of femur

Match each technique that health care professionals use when examining surface anatomy with its description.

1. Tapping firmly on body sites to detect vibrations

2. Directly observe the structure of surface features

3. Feeling to locate anatomic structures under the skin

4. Listen to sounds emitted from organs

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Visual inspection - 2

B. Palpation - 3

C. Percussion - 1

D. Auscultation - 4

A. Visual inspection

B. Palpation

C. Percussion

D. Auscultation

Another term for the _____ system is the afferent nervous system.

Sensory

Label the structures of a nerve.

• Epineurium

• Axon

• Perineurium

• Endoneurium

• Myelin sheath

• 1 - Axon

• 2 - Myelin sheath

• 3 - Perineurium

• 4 - Epineurium

• 5 - Endoneurium

Which of the following are true of chemical synapses?

Check All That Apply

• Chemical synapses are the most numerous type of synapse in the human body.

• Chemical synapses are found primarily in smooth muscle cells.

• Chemical synapses are unidirectional (one way).

• Chemical synapses allow two-way signaling.

• Chemical synapses are the most numerous type of synapse in the human body.

• Chemical synapses are unidirectional (one way).

While waiting for your food at your favorite restaurant, you see your favorite dish being carried to the table next to yours. The sight and smell of the food causes your salivary glands to produce saliva. What type of neural circuit caused this single reaction from the multiple stimuli you experienced?

• Converging circuit

• Reverbrating circuit

• Parallel-after discharge circuit

• Diverging circuit

• Converging circuit

Identify each glial cellsof the CNS.

• Oligodendrocyte

• Ependymal cell

• Microglial cell

• Astrocyte

• 1 - Astrocyte

• 2 - Microglial cell

• 3 - Ependymal cell

• 4 - Oligodendrocyte

Which of the following are a function of the nervous system?

Check All That Apply

• Processing and evaluating information

• Collecting information

• Responding to information

• Processing and evaluating information

• Collecting information

• Responding to information

The _____ nervous system controls the contraction of skeletal muscles.

Somatic

In a nerve, groups of axons are wrapped into separate bundles called _____ .

Fascicles

True or false. Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS.

False

A typical synapse in the CNS consists of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron, separated by a narrow space called the?

• presynaptic space.

• postsynaptic space.

• synaptic cleft.

• synaptic membrane.

• synaptic cleft.

One cause of hydrocephalus is a malfunction of the structures that normally drain CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous blood. In other words, there is a problem with the?

• arachnoid villi.

• choroid plexuses.

• cerebral aqueduct and central canal.

• median and lateral apertures.

• arachnoid villi.

Which of the following brain structures are composed of white matter?

Check All That Apply

• Cerebral cortex

• Corpus callosum

• Cerebral nuclei

• Septum pellucidum

• Internal capsule

• Corpus callosum

• Septum pellucidum

• Internal capsule

What is the CN VII cranial nerve name?

Facial

What is the CN VIII cranial nerve name?

Vestibulocochlear

What is the CN IX cranial nerve name?

Glossopharyngeal

What is the CN X cranial nerve name?

Vagus

What is the CN XI cranial nerve name?

Accessory

What is the CN XII cranial nerve name?

Hypoglossal

Match each brain vesicle that has developed by the fifth week of development with the structure that they will eventually form.

1. Forms the thalamus

2. Forms the medulla oblongata

3. Does not form a secondary vesicle

4. Forms the cerebellum

5. Forms the cerebrum

Match each of the options above to the items below.

A. Telencephalon

B. Diencephalon

C. Mesencephalon

D. Metencephalon

E. Myencephalon

A. Telencephalon - 5

B. Diencephalon - 1

C. Mesencephalon - 3

D. Metencephalon - 4

E. Myencephalon - 2

During the fifth week of embryonic development, ____ brain vesicles form.

Five

Place in order the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

• CSF flows from the third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle

• CSF flows into the arachnoid villi and drains into the dural venous sinuses

• CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles

• CSF flows through the subarachnoid space and removes waste products

• CSF flows through the paired lateral apertures or the single medial aperture and into the central canal of the spinal cord

• 1 - CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles

• 2 - CSF flows from the third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle

• 3 - CSF flows through the paired lateral apertures or the single medial aperture and into the central canal of the spinal cord

• 4 - CSF flows through the subarachnoid space and removes waste products

• 5 - CSF flows into the arachnoid villi and drains into the dural venous sinuses