Human tissue and bone structures

Tissue

A group of cells that work together for a specific function

Muscle tissue

Cells that contract

(muscle tissue) skeletal

Move bone. Striated. Voluntary

(Muscle tissue) smooth

Internal organs. Stomach, intestines. Non-striated. Involuntary

(Muscle tissue) cardiac

Heart only. Striated. Involuntary

Nervous tissue

Cells that can receive and conduct electrical impulses. Brain, spinal cord, eyes, ears, etc.

Epithelial

Lines and covers all internal and external structures. Skin, mesentery.

Connective tissue

Most abundant and diverse type of tissue. Cells are embedded in matrix (intercellular substance)

What matrix? Bone, fat or tendons, blood or lymph

Bone=solid matrix. Fat, tendons=semi-solid matrix. Blood, lymph= liquid matrix

Body cavities (function)

Cushion and protect vital organs while allowing movement (breathing, expansion of stomach, etc.)

Body cavities

Cranial, spinal, thoratic, abdominal (thoratic and abdominal separated by diaphragm)

(Skeletal system) axial

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae

(Skeletal system) appendicular

Arms, legs, scapula, clavicle, pelvis

Functions of skeletal system

1. Support muscles

2. Gives body shape and structure

3. Protection

4. Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus)

5. Produces all red and some white blood cells

Epiphyseal plate

Ends of long bones where growth takes place. “Growth plates”. Cartilage cells grow, divide, and push older cell into the center of the bone. Bones grow in length, circumference, and density.

Periosteum

A membrane that surrounds the bone and contains blood vessels and nerves

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Synovial fluid

Lubricating substance that protects the bones against friction