GIT pharm 1

Emetic of choice for dog

Apomorphine

How much of the stomach do they empty?

40-60%

Where is the mode of action? (exam Q)

Stimulates dopamine receptors in CTZ

Normal routes of delivery of drug in the dog, giving reasons & state how long after admin would you expect emesis to occur (exam Q)

Normal routes - erratically absorbed plus first pass effect after oral admin so normally given subcut.

If given subcut - rapidly absorbed and peaks in plasma in 25 mins, T1/1 30-60 mins in dogs

Long after admin 3-10 minutes.

What emetic would you give a cat?

alpha 2 adrenergics such as xylazine and medetomidine

Is it effective to give extra dose if vomiting doesnt occur within 25 mins?

No, because half life is 30-60 mins drug still in body so likely to cause toxicity

If emesis is induced, and chocolate identified in the vomitus, can the patient now be sent

home? Explain the rationale for your answer. (Exam Q):

No, as there are potential

side effect such as AEs & toxicity: excitement, restlessness,

nervous system depression, or respiratory depression

Naloxone may

reverse respiratory depression, but prolongs the emetic and

cardiovascular effects

Anti-emetics

Compare and contrast the drugs maropitant citrate and metoclopramide under the

following headings:

(a) Use in veterinary practice (4 marks)

(b) Mechanism of action and effect (4 marks)

(c) Adverse effects in companion animals (2 marks)

Can you use metoclopramide and maropitant together?

Yes as different mechanisms of action

Drugs used for appetite stimulants give 3)

1. Prednisolone

2. Diazepam

3. Mirtazapine

Mirtazapine application & mode of action?

Applied to ear

MOA - Tricycle antidepressant that acts on central alpha-2 receptors that leads to more noradrenaline within brain

Inhibits serotonin and histamine receptors

AE and CI?

Vocalisation

Sedation

CI - patients with pre-existing haematological disease