AQA A Level History Tudors- Henry VII. FOREIGN POLICY TREATIES

what were henry vii's foreign policy aims?

-achieve national security (within England)
-achieve dynastic security -> securing the future Tudor dynasty
-defence of English trading interests
-important to maintain good relations & possess support from abroad (if he were to secure his position on the throne at home -> prevent foreign intervention)

what was the role of brittany in henry vii's FP?

Brittany had intimate relations with England as Henry had spent his years in exile there.
-Brittany = ruled by Duke Francis II, who only had a female heir, Duchess Anne. France wanted to take advantage of this lack of an heir.

1486 and 1489 Navigation Acts

Aimed to encourage English shipping by trying to ensure that only English ships could carry certain products to and from English ports. Limited as foreign vessels continued to transport a certain proportion of English exports. This endangered future trade with the Hanse merchants.

1496 Intercursus Magnus

Removed trade embargo in Burgundy.

what was the role of france in henry

-England and France = shared a long-standing hostility
-Auld Alliance existed (from 1295) between France and Scotland -> threatening England.

1492 Treaty of Etaples

peace treaty between France and England agreeing for tne withdrawal of Henry VII's troops from France in return for a payment of £745,000, and for France not to support Henry's enemies.

who was involved in the anti-french alliance of 1493?

-the netherlands
-spain
-england

what was the role of burgandy, netherlands & holy roman emperor in FP?

Bulk of English exports went through the ports of the Netherlands - e.g:. netherlands = uled by Maximilian I.

1506 Intercursus Malus

-a trade agreement so harsh on the Burgundians that it never became fully enforced & by the following yr trading relationships had been restored on the basis of the Intercursus Magnus
-would have strengthened England's trading position in the Netherlands had it been enforced (although henry VII appeared to improve the trading position of english merchants).

what was the role of spain in FP?

guaranteeing friendship with Spain= a vital counter-balance to French power in Europe.
-marriage plans were made beween Arthur, Henry VII's son (Henry VIII), and Catherine of Aragon.

1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo

-marriage alliance of Arthur and Catherine agreed (occurs in 1501) with £40,000 dowry- the size of this dowry caused complications.
-spain would not support English rebels and easier trading for Spanish and English merchants. Support in war with France

a treaty between England and Spain that guaranteed mutual protection, and an agreement that neither party would harbor rebels or pretenders. This treaty was enhanced by the marriage between Catherine and Arthur in 1501.

what was the role of scotland in FP?

scotland = worked closely with France as part of the "auld alliance".
-ruled by James IV.

who gave hospitality to perkin warbeck - 1495?

james IV of Scotland = offered his supprot to warbeck in 1495 & encouraged warbeck to cross the English border with an army
->making the prospect of war seem imminent

1502 - Truce of Ayton with Scotland
(formally conlcuded in 1497)

-following james IV of scotland losing faith in warbeck in 1495-> he wanted to appease tensions with henry ->
therefore establishing a peace treaty between england & scotland

what event sealed this peace treaty: the truce of ayton (1502)

marriage alliance of James IV of Scotland to Henry's daughter: Margaret

1502 - Treaty of Perpetual Peace

-a peace treaty with scotland that promoted peace -> reinforced by the marriage between James IV and Henry's daughter Margaret.-agreed to end the intermittent warfare between Scotland and England which had been waged over the previous 200 years and although it failed in this respect, as the hostility continued intermittently throughout the 16th century -> led to the Union of the Crowns 101 years later.

1506 - treaty of windsor

-ensured cordiality between Scots & English
-philip promises to extradite the Earl of Suffolk, a Yorkist claimant/pretender
-a marriage alliance = arranged between his sister, Margaret of Austria, and Henry.
-but border-raids still existed
-outcome = largely unsuccessful

what problems occured as a result of Anglo-Spanish relations?

-arrangements for the royal marriage did not go smoothly
-as long as Henry's reign was threatened by Warbeck -> Ferdinand = reluctant to allow the marriage to go ahead.
-the marriage did materialise in 1501

what were henry's main priorities in foreing policy?

-peace
-marriage
-securing a future tudor dynasy (having his heir)
-trade
-finance
-security (threat of the pretenders)