Genetics Exam 4

how does prokaryotic transcription/translation differ from eukaryotic

it all occurs almost simultaneously because it doenst have to go through the nucleus

primary method of controlling gene expression in prokayotes

regulation of transcription

types of eukaryotic gene regulation

1. chromatin

2. transcription

3. RNA processing

4. translation

5. post-translation

Chromatin remodeling

eukaryotic

protein complexes that regulate expression by altering nucleosomes using ATP

Histone acetylation

expression

Histone deacetylation

silencing

DNA methylation

silencing

DNA De-methylation

expression

Where do eukaryotic cells do most of their regulation

transcription, less energy wasted in the process if needed to stop

ligand

signaling molecule that activates a pathway

binds to receptor because ligand is very hydrophilic and charged, making it difficult to get across the membrane

Hormone

molecule that is produced in one location but effect is seen in another

require the target cell to have receptors for that hormome

transcription factors

control the rate of gene transcription either by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA