Glycogenesis

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Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/15%3A_Glucose_Glycogen_and_Their_Metabolic_Regulation/15.02%3A_Glycogenesis

Biology

Biochemistry

MCAT

Biochemistry

Last updated 5:16 PM on 2/8/26
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9 Terms

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Step 1: Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to […]

glucose 1-phosphate

<p><span><span>glucose 1-phosphate</span></span></p>
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The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate is catalyzed by […]

phosphoglucomutase

<p>phosphoglucomutase</p>
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Step 2: Glucose-1-phosphate is then “activated” by the attachment of a uridine diphosphate group, which produces […]

UDP-glucose or uracil diphosphate glucose

<p>UDP-glucose or uracil diphosphate glucose</p>
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The production of UDP-glucose is catalyzed by […]

UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (preferred name)

Also called:

  • UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

  • UGPase

  • uridyltransferase

<p>UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (preferred name)</p><p>Also called:</p><ul><li><p>UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase</p></li><li><p>UGPase</p></li><li><p>uridyltransferase</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Step 3: UDP-glucose is used enzyme […] to extend the main glycogen chain.

glycogen synthase (GS or GYS)

  • UDP serves as a good leaving group, allowing the formation of the alpha-1,4 bond.

<p>glycogen synthase (GS or GYS)</p><ul><li><p>UDP serves as a good leaving group, allowing the formation of the alpha-1,4 bond.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Glycogen synthase requires a glycogen primer of 4 to 6 glucose residues to add new residues to the main chain. The small docking protein, […], provides this primer.

glycogenin (GN or GYG)

<p><span>glycogenin (GN or GYG)</span></p>
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Step 4: The branching of glycogen chains is carried out by the enzyme […].

glycogen branching enzyme (GBE)

<p>glycogen branching enzyme (GBE)</p>
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Glycogen branching enzyme (GBE) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of a(n) […] and subsequent inter- or intra-chain transfer of the fragment to the […] position of an alpha-glucan.

alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage; C6 hydroxyl

  • An alpha-glucan is a polysaccharide made of glucose units linked by alpha bonds.

  • In this image, an inter-chain transfer is occurring.

  • Above the arrow, the GBE enzyme removes several glucose residues (usually around 7) from one linear glycogen chain and then attaches it as an alpha-1,6 branch to the other chain.

<p>alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage; C6 hydroxyl</p><ul><li><p>An alpha-glucan is a polysaccharide made of glucose units linked by alpha bonds.</p></li><li><p>In this image, <span><span>an inter-chain transfer is occurring.</span></span></p></li><li><p>Above the arrow, the GBE enzyme removes several glucose residues (usually around 7) from one linear glycogen chain and then attaches it as an alpha-1,6 branch to the other chain.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Glycogen branching creates additional […], which can act as a primer site for […] (the main enzyme that breaks down glycogen).

non-reducing ends; glycogen phosphorylase

  • Because of this, glucose residues can be released very quickly when needed.