Anesthesia 30
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47 Terms
```id="l30csection"
What physiologic change occurs to cardiac output during pregnancy
increases due to increased heart rate and stroke volume
What happens to plasma volume during pregnancy
increases
What happens to PCV and hemoglobin during pregnancy
decrease due to dilution
What happens to oxygen consumption during pregnancy
increases
What happens to minute ventilation during pregnancy
increases
What happens to lung capacity during pregnancy
decreases tidal volume functional residual capacity and total lung capacity
What happens to GI motility during pregnancy
decreases
What happens to gastric emptying during pregnancy
decreases
What happens to intragastric pressure during pregnancy
increases
What happens to gastric pH during pregnancy
decreases
What happens to GFR during pregnancy
increases
What happens to BUN and creatinine during pregnancy
decrease
Why is venous return decreased in pregnant animals in dorsal recumbency
compression of vena cava by gravid uterus
What is the result of decreased venous return in pregnancy
decreased cardiac output and hypotension
Why are pregnant patients relatively anemic
plasma volume increases more than red blood cells
What does a normal PCV suggest in a pregnant patient
possible dehydration
What metabolic complication can occur in pregnant patients
hypocalcemia
When is hypocalcemia more likely
small breeds large litters or uterine inertia
What type of calcium measurement is preferred
ionized calcium
Why do pregnant patients have increased myocardial work
increased cardiac demand and reduced reserve
Why are pregnant patients prone to hypoxemia
increased oxygen demand and decreased lung capacity
Why is aspiration risk increased in pregnancy
decreased GI motility and increased pressure
What should be done before surgery in pregnant patients
correct fluids and electrolyte imbalances
When is a c section considered an emergency
active labor over one hour with no fetus delivered
What is a concern in emergency c sections
poor maternal condition and decreased fetal viability
What is an advantage of planned c sections
stable patient and better preparation
What is the normal fetal heart rate range indicating health
150 to 200 bpm
What fetal heart rate indicates stress
100 to 150 bpm
What diagnostic tools are used to assess fetuses
ultrasound and radiographs
What bloodwork is important before c section
PCV TS BUN calcium glucose electrolytes
What is the goal time from induction to delivery in c section
5 to 10 minutes
Why should induction occur in the operating room
to minimize delay in delivery
Why is preoxygenation important in pregnant patients
rapid desaturation and fetal oxygen dependence
How long should preoxygenation be performed
at least 5 minutes
What oxygen concentration is used for preoxygenation
100 percent oxygen
What happens if the mother becomes hypoxemic
fetal hypoxemia and acidosis
What types of oxygen delivery methods can be used
mask flow by nasal tube oxygen cage
What is important about premedications in pregnant patients
they cross the placenta and affect the fetus
What type of drugs are preferred for premedication
short acting and reversible drugs
Why are opioids useful in pregnant patients
provide analgesia and are reversible
Why is buprenorphine less ideal in c section
harder to reverse and less analgesia
What antiemetics can be used in pregnant patients
maropitant and ondansetron
Do antiemetics prevent regurgitation
no only vomiting
What is a risk due to increased gastric acid and decreased esophageal tone
esophageal reflux
What should be done if reflux occurs
suction lavage and give medications after recovery
What is the main goal in anesthesia for c section
protect mother and deliver viable offspring quickly