Unit 3 Federalist & Jeffersonian Periods

The Cabinet

Washingtons attempt at surrounding himself with the best regardless of status. This cabinet is not in the constitution but remains after his removal from power. Hamilton,Knox,Randolf, and Jefferson are the first people in the cabinet.

Debt problems

Federalists wanted to fully assume debts that the old congress had at 100% of its value while Jeffersonians were against the repayment plan as it would only benefit the wealthy

Judiciary Act 1789

Jefferson and Adams both run for president but hold opposing views. Because of this Adams became president and was a federalist while Jefferson was appointed Vice President ans was a Jeffersonian

Bank of the United States

Created by Hamilton with the idea that it could hold funds for the government, was a place to coin & print money, and ensured that the government would no longer have to rely on states

Whiskey Rebellion

Uprising that afforded the new US government its first opportunity to establish federal authority by military means within state boundaries

Washington’s Farewell Adress

Written by Hamilition and Washington to signal his chosen removal from power. Talks about the beginning of political factions popping up and states the believe that these parties will weaken the public administration and agitate the community with jealousy

Foreign Relations with Great Britian

Federalists are strongly with this idea as it is important to still keep close ties with economic allies however things deteriorate.

Foreign Relations with Spain

mutual relations with them as the received land from them in return for seeing them in charge of Texas

Foreign Relations with Citizen Genêt

was the french minister to the US from 1793-1974 and caused a diplomatic crisis. Tries to get Washington to start paying money back to France and try’s to get America to stop being neutral.

Foreign Relations with Native Americans

detirotate quickly as they take their land and slaughter their people

Republican Motherhood

Thomas Jefferson is the start of this political faction which eventually dominates the political scape

Election of 1796

Political parties are apparent and a constitutional flaw ends with a federalist - Adams - in power as president while a Jeffersonian - Jefferson - is appointed vice president

Alien & Sedition Acts

Adams is upset that american’s are criticizing the government and passes this act to make it illegal to speak out or write against the president or the national government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison claiming that congress passed laws that violated the constitution and warned them that the federalists were going to abuse power. Jefferson takes this farther and says that if a state does not agree with a federal law, then they have the right to nullify it which in turn gives more power to state government.

XYZ Affair

diplomats negotiate with the French but can only meet with the French if they pay them money

Election of 1800

Controversial as political parties have emerged but it is a turning point in how presidents and vice presidents are chosen as runners for president now choose someone to run for vice president. Despite this

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson makes this purchase which is the most significant thing he did as President as it furthers american growth

Barbary Pirates

Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from the North African coast in the Ottoman Barbary states. Jefferson ordered a squadron led by Commodore Richard Dale to blockade Tripoli and to attack any interfering Barbary ship.

Embargo Act

Put in place by Jefferson which closed the ports in the US

Napoleonic Wars

wars in europe with napoleon which both britain and france were fighting in

Orders in Council

in 1783 they reaffirmed that the British strongly beleived in the navigation acts.

French Decrees

the eden treaty created in 1786 put an end to the anglo-french war which had been raging for almost 100 years over commercial trade and created the saying, “free ships make free goods”

Tecumseh

Native American soldier who helps to build a Confederacy in native tribes to rise against american rule

War of 1812

Americans want to expand westward but they need to seize native american land. Natives allie with the british which also rule Canada. Americans decide to invade Canada but their army strength is weak and they struggle against the British. Major events include the seizing of detroit, burning of the capital and white house, and Fort McHenry battle.

War Hawks

Primarily young, energetic politicians mostly from the south and the west that insist that Britain has gone against american honor too many times.

Henry Clay

War Hawk that works to get others in this group into congress and insists that both Britain and France are guilt but Britain is more guilty.

John C. Calhoun

Warhawk who works to get others in this group into congress

Hartford Convention

Jeffersonians are more inclined to go to war while Federalists want to avoid this and not a single one votes in favor of starting a war with Britain. Federalists loose the vote. Federalists are decimated as a national political party after they talk about ceceeding from the rest of the states

‘American System’

created by Clay with the plan to create Tariffs to protect american industry, a national bank to foster commerce, and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements”

Adams-Onis Treaty

grants america control of Florida if the US recognizes Spanish sovereignty over Texas

Election of 1816

James Monroe’s wins as president and is the last federalists to run for president

‘Era of Good Feelings’

peace & prosperity as there is only one political party. Patriotic sentiment is at an all time high and Florida joins the american states

The Marshall Court

Last ruminants of federalist power and brings the Judicial Branch to a co-equal branch of the government

Marbury v Madison

Marbury was appointed by Adams to be a justice in the state senate however the paper that showed this was not delivered to Madison on time. Because of this madison said that Marbury could not get his commission. Marbury goes to the supreme court and asks for a Writs of andamus which would tell Madison that he had to appoint him.

Judicial Review of Marbury v Madison

Unanimous decision that states that Madisons refusal to deliver commission is illegal but that the court does not have the right to issue a Writs of Mandamus. This was because Marbury was not eligible to bring this case to the court because it was not in the courts original jurisdiction.This is a power play which gives the court more power

Fletcher v Peck

In 1798 Georgias legislator sold 35 million acres of land near the Yazoo river to private speculators at the low price of 1.5c per acre. The sale was later exposed as bribery and when a new legislator came into power, they repealed the sale. John Peck had bought some of this land and sold in to Fletcher in 1803. Fletcher sued peck claiming that the land sale was invalid due to the repeal. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Peck stating that Georgias repeal of the law was unconstitutional under the contract clause as this contract was a binding contract which is protected under the contract clause even if the original law was invalid.

McCulloch v Maryland

Decided whether congress had the ability to create a bank and if states had the right to tax it. Maryland blamed the national bank for the depression and imposed a tax on the national bank however the Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional for the national bank to be located in a state without having to pay taxes to the state and also ruled that it was unconstitutional for Maryland to tax the bank.

Gibbons v Ogden

Ogden got an exclusive license to operate steamboat ferries from the federal government while Gibbon had gotten one from the state government. Ogden claimed that he had exclusive jurisdiction over the river and Gibbon claimed that he had the right to operate the route on the route pursuant to a 1793 act of Congress regulating coastal commerce. In the end the supreme court ruled that Gibbons had the right to use the route and this expanded the powers of Congress through a single clause in the Constitution which stated that congress had the power to regulate any aspect of commerce that crossed state lines.

Worcester v Georgia

In 1828 Georgia passed a series of laws that took rights away from the cherokee tribes. This also allowed them to take their land. Cherokee claimed that they signed the treaty with them that claimed they could keep their land. The Supreme Court decided that the states did not have the right to regulate trade and that rebates and laws contemplating native american territory is entirley separate from the land. They decided that laws in georgia do not roll into native american land.

Panic of 1819

Era of not so good feelings as this is the first financial crisis in america. Growth in trade comes to a halt and heightened hostility from Jeffersonians towards banks and the people who are in charge of them.

Cumberland Road

One of the major projects that gets established under Henry Clays plan for improvements from public funding.

Monroe Doctrine

occurs in 1823 in which the western hemisphere is the americans area of influence and other countries need to butt out and americans won’t mess around in the europeans sphere of influence. This is one of the most important doctrines in american history