Solutions

Solution

Homogeneous mixture composed of at least one solute dissolved in the solvent

What makes water a good solvent

It is slightly positive and negative. It is able to break ionic bonds. attracts cations and anions.

What results in a positive conductivity test?

Ions present in the solution

Why aren’t molecular compounds giving positive conductivity test?

There’s no ions present in the solution as they share them

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electric electricity when dissolved in water

Disassociation

The separation of ions that are present in an ionic bond, and causing them to be wet

Ionization

This is when they react with water to form ions in the solution

What are some examples of non-electrolytes

Molecular compounds and insoluble ionic compounds

Standard solution

A solution with accurate concentration

Stock solution

Solutions that are ordered from a manufacturer that have set concentrations

Dilution

Process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent

What factors impact solubility?

Temperature

Pressure

The nature of the solute or solvent

How does temperature affect solubility?

Increase in temperature will increase the solubility of most solid. Decrease in temperature will increase the solubility of most gases.

How does pressure impact solubility?

Increases in pressure will increase the solubility of gases

How does the nature of a solute or solve it impact its solubility?

Like dissolves like

Saturated solutions.

A stable solution that contains as much dissolved, solute as possible.

supersaturated solutions

a solution that contains more solute or dissolved material

what happens if you heat a saturated solution and add extra solute

it will be able to cool without the extra solute crystallizing, but is not stable as agitation may cause it to crystallize

exothermic reactions

Spontaneous reactions in which energy is a product. They take a larger molecule and break it up into its components plus energy in bonds are broken

Endothermic

When energy is absorbed. They form bonds by using energy as a reactant.

How are acids defined in Arrhenius acid base theory?

They are proton donors that ionized to produce hydrogen in a solution. They are molecular compounds that are covalently bonded and can only transfer its electron when it reacts with water.

What forms to conjugate based

The original acid

How are bases classified in arrhenius acid base theory?

They are proton acceptor that associate to produce hydroxide and a solution. They separate into ions because there are electrons are already transferred

Strong bases are typically.

Ionic compounds.

How are acids viewed in the modified theory?

Strong and weak assets ionized to produce H3O

Strong bases ___ to produce OH

Dissociate

Weak bases ___ to produce OH

Ionize