Cell Signaling and Homeostasis

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on cell signaling and homeostasis, including different types of signaling, examples of hormones, and the mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis.

Signaling by hormones that travel through the circulatory system is called __ signaling.

Endocrine signaling.

An example of a hormone produced in the adrenal glands is __.

Adrenaline.

The process where signaling molecules diffuse directly to nearby target cells is called __ signaling.

Paracrine signaling.

Growth factors often act over short distances in __ signaling.

Paracrine signaling.

In __ signaling, the signaling cell and the target cell are the same.

Autocrine signaling.

During embryonic development, cells communicate via __ to maintain their specialization.

Autocrine signaling.

Cells can communicate directly through __, which require physical contact.

Contact-dependent signaling.

A transmembrane protein that binds with Notch on adjacent cells during neuronal development is called __.

Delta.

Cells in the heart coordinate their activity through __, which allow ions to pass from one cell to another.

Gap junctions.

In plants, openings that allow cells to communicate are called __.

Plasmodesmata.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in multicellular organisms is known as __.

Homeostasis.

In negative feedback, a stimulus leads to a response that __ the initial stimulus.

Opposes.

An example of a physiological response in a feedback system is when a thermostat turns on a __ in response to cold.

Heater.

Positive feedback describes a pattern in which the output of a system __ the activity of the system.

Increases.

People with diabetes cannot maintain constant levels of __ in their blood.

Glucose.

Homeostasis involves a __ that detects a disturbance and initiates a response.

Sensor.

The component in a feedback system that restores normal conditions following a disturbance is known as the __.

Effector.