DMS 207 ALL CHAPTERS

the portal veins carry blood from the ____ to the liver

intestinal tract

ch 8

• small, echogenic kidneys that have lobulated borders

• renal scar appears as an echogenic area within the kidney that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis

ch 15

____ has a bull’s eye or target pattern anterior to aorta and posterior to liver

gastroesophageal junction

ch 13

renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta ____ to the SMA**

inferior

ch 8

most common cause of biliary ductal obstruction is the presence of a ductal ____**

presence of a tumor or thrombus within the ductal system

ch 10

what organs have low blood flow waveform**

organs that need constant perfusing

hernia where visceral contents cannot be reduced**

incarcerated hernia

small polypoid projections arising from the gb wall**

adenomyomatosis

which Doppler finding is most characteristic of an aortic pseudoaneurysm

to-and-from flow pattern at the neck of the lesion

ch 8

the inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:**

• left transverse colon

• descending colon

• sigmoid colon

• rectum

ch 8

the gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:**

common hepatic artery

ch 8

the clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:

IVC thrombosis

ch 8

which of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?

• renal size increases in the acute phase

• direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible

• loss of normal renal structure occurs

• Doppler flow increases in the renal vein

Doppler flow increases in the renal vein

ch 8

which structure is not a branch of the aorta

• arch

• iliac

• root

• portal

portal

ch 8

the celiac trunk branches into 3 vessels. which is incorrect?**

• splenic artery

• common hepatic artery

• cystic artery

• left gastric artery

cystic artery

ch 8

the portal venous system receives blood from all the following except:

• gallbladder

• kidneys

• spleen

• pancreas

kidneys

ch 8

what vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas

superior mesenteric vein

ch 8

the duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by:**

• gastroduodenal artery

• right gastric artery

ch 8

which Doppler waveform pattern is normally expected in the SMA during the fasting state?

high-resistance waveform with little or no diastolic flow

ch 8

the normal diameter of the supraceliac aorta is less than __ mm in men**

27

ch 8

the right renal artery passes ____ to the IVC

posterior

ch 8

the vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the ____

SMA

ch 8

which vascular structure courses between the aorta and the SMA**

left renal vein

ch 8

what vascular structure is used as a landmark for locating the celiac trunk

SMA

ch 8

the most common cause of abdominal aneurysm

arterioslerosis

ch 8

tumor that invades the IVC from a connecting vein**

renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

ch 8

the difference between an artery and vein is found in which layer of the vessel

tunica media

ch 8

largest visceral tributaries of the IVC

hepatic veins

ch 8

which statement about the circulatory system is FALSE?

• arteries carry blood away from the heart

• veins return blood from the tissues to the heart

• arteries return blood from the tissues to the heart

• the circulatory system transports gasses and nutrients to tissues

arteries return blood from the tissues to the heart

ch 8

which aneurysm results from an infection

mycotic

ch 8

which statement about abdominal aneurysm (AAA) is true?

• most AAAS are pseudoaneurysms

• most AAAs occur above the renal arteries

• most AAAs involve all 3 layers of vessel wall

• mural thrombus is rare in large aneurysms

most AAAs involve all 3 layers of vessel wall

ch 8

approximately what percentage of AAAs are infrarenal

85%

ch 8

during an abdominal ultrasound, a pt is noted to have a pulsatile mass adjacent to the abdominal aorta. the aortic diameter is within normal limits and no aneurysm is identified. which finding should the sonographer specifically evaluate for next?**

• renal artery stenosis

• splenomegaly

• IVC thrombosis

• retroperitoneal hematoma

splenomegaly

ch 8

which statement is most accurate regarding a splanchnic aneurysm?

• it is most frequently associated with chronic pancreatitis and may involve the splenic artery

• it most commonly involves the renal arteries and is congenital in origin

• it is typically fusiform and rarely demonstrates a mural thrombus

• it is best evaluated using B-mode imaging only

it is most frequently associated with chronic pancreatitis and may involve the splenic artery

ch 8

surgical repair on an iliac aneurysm is most commonly considered when the aneurysm measures:**

>3cm

ch 8

an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm is most commonly associated with:

trauma

ch 8

intermittent claudication is best described as:

leg pain that occurs during walking or exercise due to decreased arterial blood flow

ch 8

diffuse dilation of the aorta is called ____

ectasia

ch 8

which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor to the formation of an aortic aneurysm?**

• syphilis

• cystic medial necrosis

• arteriosclerosis

• cancer

cancer

ch 8

what type of aneurysm is most common**

fusiform

ch 8

minute hair size vessels connecting the arterial and venous systems**

capillaries

ch 8

which vascular structure relates to the medial and posterior borders of the pancreatic body and tail**

splenic vein

ch 8

the root of the aorta arises from

LVOT

ch 8

which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct

splenic artery

ch 8

which condition is most strongly associated with cystic medial necrosis leading to aortic dissection**

Marafan syndrome

ch 8

which vessel would be the shortest in length?

• right renal vein

• right renal artery

• left renal vein

• left renal artery

right renal vein

ch 8

which of the following would have a pulsatile triphasic blood flow pattern

• common iliac veins

• gonadal veins

• renal veins

• hepatic veins

hepatic veins

ch 8

which of the following would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern

• celiac artery

• common iliac artery

• splenic artery

• left renal artery

common iliac artery

ch 8

enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of ____

right-sided heart failure

ch 8

which of the following about the IVC is not true

• the diameter of the IVC is variable

• respiration can affect the size of the IVC

• the IVC is located to the right of abdominal aorta

• the IVC is considered intraperitoneal in location

the IVC is considered intraperitoneal in location

ch 8

what vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery

left renal vein

ch 8

which layer of the artery is the vasa vasorum located

tunica adventitia

ch 8

which artery should normally demonstrate low-resistance flow with continuous diastolic flow?**

renal artery

ch 8

the diaphragmatic crura primarily surround which portion of the aorta**

proximal abdominal aorta as it passes through the diaphragm

ch 8

grey turner sign is best described as:**

flank ecchymosis resulting from retroperitoneal bleeding

ch 8

an iliac aneurysm is defined as a vessel with a diameter greater than __**

2 cm

ch 8

the liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the ____

falciform ligament

ch 9

fatty infiltration may be observed in all parts EXCEPT those with:

• diabetes

• chronic alcoholism

• hepatoportal fistula

• hepatitis

hepatoportal fistula

ch 9

sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include:**

accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of the portal vein

ch 9

Budd-Chiari Syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the ____***

hepatic veins

ch 9

echinococcal cyst have the highest incidence in countries in which***

sheepherding is common

ch 9

most common benign tumor of the liver**

cavernous hemangioma

ch 9

what benign tumor of the liver has been found in pts with type 1 glycogen storage disease

adenoma

ch 9

pts who have hepatocellular carcinoma are more likely to have had ____**

cirrhosis

ch 9

most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is ____**

metastasis

ch 9

which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy?

• cystic mass

• hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

• cystic mass with enhancement

• echogenic mass

hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

ch 9

in severe hepatocellular destruction, the AST and ALT levels are ____**

high

ch 9

elevation of the alkaline phosphatase is associated with ____**

biliary obstruction

ch 9

what Doppler finding is most characteristic of advancing cirrhosis involving the hepatic veins

flattened hepatic waveform with increased velocities and turbulence

ch 9

the falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the ____**

ligamentum teres

ch 9

elevation of the serum bilirubin results in ____

jaundice

ch 9

a collection of pus formed by denigrated tissue in a cavity, usually liver, caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica

amebic abscess

ch 9

typical symptoms a pt may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT:

• fever

• decreased white blood cell count

• pain

• increased white blood cell count

decreased white blood cell count

ch 9

condition which has increased iron levels within the blood is called ____

hemochromatosis

ch 9

tumor that consists of large, blood-filled spaces

cavernous hemangioma

ch 9

dilated intrahepatic bile ducts may be seen with all of the following except:**

• intrahepatic mass in the area of the porta hepatis

• gallstones in the fundus of the gb

• obstructive stone in the cystic duct

• lymphadenopathy in the porta hepatis

gallstones in the fundus of the gb

ch 9

hepatocellular disease can be defined as a process that affects the ____

hepatocytes and interferes with liver fx

ch 9

in glycogen storage disease, type 1 is the most common and is also known as ____**

von-gierke

ch 9

all of the following describe normal venous flow except:

• low-flow velocity

• hepatofugal flow

• spontaneous flow

• phasic flow

hepatofugal flow

ch 9

which one of the following is noted in type 1 glycogen storage disease

• small liver, hypoechoic parenchyma

• hyperechoic, attenuating liver and hepatomegaly

• normal texture and hepatomegaly

• normal texture and prominent intrahepatic ducts

hyperechoic, attenuating liver and hepatomegaly

ch 9

amebic abscess may reach the liver through the ____**

portal vein

ch 9

all of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except:

• anterior displacement of the right kidney

• displacement of the hepatic vascular radicles

• external bulging of the liver capsule

• posterior shift of the IVC

anterior displacement of the right kidney

ch 9

caudate lobe enlargement is most commonly seen in what liver disease

budd-chiari disease

ch 9

what benign liver tumor is near the subcapsular area of the liver and may be pedunculated, and have a central scar

focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)

ch 9

usually occurs in immunocompromised pts such as pts undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant, or individuals with HIV**

hepatic candidiasis

ch 9

hypoechoic mass with an echogenic central core

bull’s eye lesion

ch 9

most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver

hepatocellular carcinoma

ch 9

intrahepatic shunt created percutaneously with the use of metallic expandible stents in the portal vein**

TIPS

ch 9

in portal venous htn, the hepatic venous gradient is more than __ mm Hg

5

ch 9

a congenital variant, can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and extend into the iliac crest**

riedel’s lobe

ch 9

childhood syndrome beckwith-weidmann is associated with an increased risk for developing ____

hepatoblastoma

ch 0

normal portal vein flow

hepatopedal

ch 9

develops when normal venous channels become obstructed**

collateral circulation

ch 9

separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe**

ligamentum venosum

ch 9

the ____ contains the main portal vein, proper hepatic artery, and the common duct**

hepatoduodenal ligament

ch 9

the TIPS shunt is placed ____

between portal and hepatic vein

ch 9

all of the following are locations for abscesses to form EXCEPT:

• morison’s pouch

• subphrenic space between the liver and diaphragm

• subhepatic space

• caudate lobe

caudate lobe

ch 9

the ____ divides the right and left lobes of the liver

main lobar fissure

ch 9

____ is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, India, Asia, and Africa

amebic liver abscess

ch 9

portal vein pressure with portal htn

more than 10 mm Hg

ch 9