Human Geography Case Studies: Mumbai and London

Flashcards covering the physical environmental impacts, economic status, and urban management of Mumbai (including Dharavi) and sustainable development strategies in London.

Mumbai's Tropical Climate

Characterised by a south-west monsoon that brings heavy rainfall between June and September.

26 July 2005 Flood

An event where Mumbai received $944\,mm$ of rainfall in one day, leading to over 400 deaths and $£1.2$ billion in losses.

Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan

A response to the 2005 flooding that identified future risks like earthquakes and cyclones and created the Disaster Management Cell.

Mithi River

A river that drains out into the Arabian Sea; it was widened and deepened as part of Mumbai's disaster management strategy.

IPCC Climate Change Prediction for Mumbai

Predicts that increases in rainfall, heat, humidity, and sea-level rise will make Mumbai the second most at-risk city in the world.

Mumbai's Economic Contribution (2015)

Accounted for $33\%$ of India's income tax, $6.16\%$ of GDP, $25\%$ of industrial output, and $40\%$ of foreign trade.

Dharavi

A famous informal slum area in central Mumbai, formerly a mangrove swamp, now home to thousands of micro-industries producing over $\$650m$ annually.

Dharavi Population Density

Estimated to be the highest in the world at over $300,000$ people per $\text{km}^2$.

Dharavi Redevelopment Project

A government-led scheme to provide residents who can prove residency since 2000 with a new, $300\text{-square-foot}$ house for free.

Dharavi Recycling Rate

Approximately $80\%$ of plastic waste is recycled in Mumbai, compared to $23\%$ in the UK.

London Sustainable Development Commission

Established in 2002 to advise the Mayor of London on making London a 'sustainable world city'.

Olympic regeneration in Newham

A project that provided social housing, leisure facilities, and investment in education, including the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.

Every Child programme

A Newham-based initiative offering children the chance to learn a musical instrument and providing universal free school meals.

Congestion Charge

Introduced in 2003 to discourage driving in central London to reduce congestion and pollution.

Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)

A zone implemented in central London from 2020 designed to reduce air pollutant and $CO_2$ emissions from road transport.

London Living Wage

A voluntary hourly rate of pay calculated to give workers the wage needed to provide essentials for their families.

Crossrail

A project designed to increase London's rail-based transport capacity by $10\%$ and encourage regeneration.

Workplace in Newham

A borough-level scheme that has supported over $20,000$ residents into employment by providing free advice and training since 2007.

Greater London Authority Act 1999

The legislation that created the role of the Mayor of London to restore a city-wide government with powers over planning, transport, and economic development.