French 5 Controle 1 (grammar)

what tense do you use for a habit that no longer applies? “I used to…but I don’t anymore”

imparfait

what tense to use to convey proximity to the present/future (ie. something that just happened) (eg. “they have just left”)

passé proche

translate “I have just arrived”

je viens d’arriver

how to form le passé proche?

venir (present form), de, verb (infinitive)

when do you use avoir with DRMRSVANDERTRAMP

if there is a direct object

avoir rentré + direct obj.

put smth away

etre rentré

come back

avoir sortir + direct obj.

take smth out

avoir passé + obj

lent smth

avoir rétourné + obj

turned smth over

what tense to use for habits that you still practice (often indicated by toujours) “I went to the pool everyday and I still do”

passé composée

how to use imparfait to indicate politeness

vouloir/venir in imparfait + verb in infinitif

translate “I just wanted to talk to you” (polite)

je voulais/venait vous parler

translate “how about/what if…?” (to make a suggestion)

et si…

what tense is used after “et si…”

imparfait

translate “how about we watch a movie?”

et si nous regardions un film

what word is often used to indicate that a habit still continues and what tense does it demand

toujours, passe composee

in a sentence with an event and a reason, what tenses are used? translate “she ate because she was hungry”

passe composee for event, imparfait for reason, elle a mangé parce que elle avait faim

nous devions (imparfait) meaning

we were supposed to

nous avons dû (PC) meaning

we had to

je savais (imp) meaning

I knew

j’ai su (PC) meaning

I heard, I found out

elle voulait (imp) meaning

she wanted

elle a voulu (PC) meaning

she decided

j’avais vingt ans (imp) meaning

I was 20

j’ai eu vingt ans (PC) meaning

I turned 20

how to transpose passé proche into the past? translate “they had just left”

make venir imparfait, ils venaient de partir

how to transpose passe compose into the past

PC become PQP

transpose “il est arrivé” into the past

il était arrivé

trick when transposing statements into the past

insert je pense and je pensais before the statements

par la suite =

afterwards

time adverbs such as déja, par la suite, après… often indicate _ because _

PQP, one event occurred before the other

le PC and PQP are both compound tenses and can describe _

the main/important event

how to form the participe present

present nous stem + ant

manger in participe present

mangeant

être participe present

étant

avoir participe present

ayant

savoir participe present

sachant

how to form le gerondif

en + participe present

3 reasons to use le gerondif

a condition, a reason/method, simultaneity

two requirements of le gerondif

statement must be positive, the gerondif must share the same subject as the main verb

what is the participe present on its own used to indicate

a cause or circumstance

translate “I saw her reading a book”, what does this highlight?

j’ai la vu lisant un livre, le participe present can have a different subject than the main verb

le participe present can also replace a relative clause, what does this mean?

replaces “qui” + verb in present tense

rewrite “la femme qui chante m’interesse” in a different form

la femme chantant m’interesse

what tense is used to say '“having done [qqch]”, translate “having finished her homework, she watched a movie”

participe present, ayant fini ses devoirs, elle a regardé un film

if the verb is the subject of the phrase, what tense to you use? translate “lying is mean”

infinitif, menter est méchant

translate “I don’t feel like doing…”

je n’ai pas envie de + infinitif

how do you translate “without [doing smth]”, translate “she left without taking her keys”

sans + infinitif, elle est partie sans prendre ses cles

les chiens? je les (trouver) mignons (put the verb into PC)

ai trouvés (agreement with les because the direct object pronoun comes before the verb)

les fleurs que je (voir) étaient tres belles (put the verb in PC)

ai vues (agreement with les fleurs because the direct object comes before the verb)

as-tu apporté des fleurs pour Grace? Oui, j’en (apporter) (put verb in PC)

ai apporté (past participle never agrees with “en”)

when might a reflexive verb NOT agree with the subject in passe composee

if it is followed immediately by a direct object

elle (se blesser) sa jambe (put the verb into PC)

s’est blessé (no agreement with elle because verb is followed by direct object)

translate “her hair? she cut it yesterday”

ses cheveux? elle se les coupés hier (participe passe agrees with “les” not “elle” because her hair is the more obvious direct object)

if the pronom complement implies an indirect object (ie. the statement can be rewritten w/o the pronom as doing smth “à qqn”), the participe passe

does not agree

ils (s’envoyer) des photos (put verb in PC)

se sont envoyé (no agreement because s’envoyer implies indirect object - they are sending photos to each other = à qqn)

three verbs that never agree in participe passe

se rendre compte, faire, laisser

rule for participe passe agreement with direct object when it is followed by an infinitive verb

the participe passe only agrees if the direct object is the one doing the infinitive verb (ie the subject of the infinitive verb)

les chiens que je (écouter) aboyer sont vraiment mignons (put the verb in PC)

ai écoutés (agreement with les chiens because they are the ones barking ie. the subject of aboyer and the object of écouter)

les fleurs que je (vouloir) faire pousser dans ma jardin sont bleu (put the verb in PC)

ai voulu (no agreement with les fleurs because they are not the ones doing the planting ie. they are the object of vouloir but NOT the subject of faire pousser)

avoir subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

aie aies ait ayons ayez aient

etre subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

sois sois soit soyons soyez soient

aller subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

aille ailles aille allions alliez aillent

boire subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

boive boives boive buvions buviez boivent

how to form subjonctif

ils present stem + subjonctif endings

devoir subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

doive doives doive devions deviez doivent

croire subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

croie croies croie croyions croyiez croient

falloir subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

faille

faire subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

fasse fasses fasse fassions fassiez fassent

pouvoir subjoinctif nous, vous

pussions pussiez

recevoir subjonctif je, nous, vous

reçoive recevions receviez

voir subjonctif je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils

voie voies voie voyions voyiez voient

vouloir subjonctif je, nous, vous

veuille voulions vouliez

prendre subjonctif je, nous, vous

prenne prenions preniez

translate “his mom demanded that he went to school”

sa mere exigeait qu’il aille à l’école (subjonctif present because his mom demanded before he actually went to school)

translate “she was sad that she failed her test”

elle était triste que elle ait raté son examen (subjonctif passe because she failed her test before she was sad)

j’espère que tu (aller) au Canada pour les vacances (conjugate the verb)

iras (espère often uses futur simple, NEVER subjonctif)

what expression often indicates simultaneity? what tense does it imply?

“tout en”, le gerondif

Est-ce que tu as visité la France? Oui, j’y (aller) (put the verb in PC)

suis allé (no agreement with la France because past participe never agrees with y)

j’aime les photos qu’ils (s’envoyer) (put the verb in PC)

se sont envoyées (agreement with les photos because they are a direct object that comes before the verb)

accepter que subjonctif indicator meaning

to allow

s’attendre à ce que/attendre que subjonctif indicator meaning

to expect

avoir hâte que subjonctif indicator meaning

to be eager for

consentir à ce que subjonctif indicator meaning

to consent (to allow)

when does “dire que” use subjonctif

negative or inversion

tenir à ce que subjonctif indicator meaning

to insist that

translate “she is scared that her friend is dead”

elle a peur que son ami ne soit mort

examples of subjonctif indicators of judgement

c’est bete/bizzare/normal/regrettable que

examples of subjonctif indicators of emotion/judgment

cela/ca m’étonne/m’ennuie que

il arrive que subjonctif indicator meaning

sometimes

il est possible que nous (aller) au centre commercial (conjugate the verb)

allions (always subjonctif)

il est peu probable que je (etre) disponible demain (conjugate the verb)

sois (subjonctif)

il est probable que je (etre) disponible demain (conjugate the verb)

serai (NOT subjonctif)

va-tu au supermarché que je (pouvoir) cuisiner (conjugate the verb)

puisse (subjonctif following imperatif + que)

translate “we will go to France unless she wants to visit Canada”

nous irons à la France à moins qu’elle ne veuille visiter Canada (subjonctif + ne explétif)

à supposer que/en admettant que subjonctif indicator meaning

assuming

sans que subjonctif indicator meaning

without

translate “she left before he knew”

elle a partie avant qu’il ne sache

jusqu’a ce que subjonctif indicator meaning

until