Muscular system part 1 - Muscle Basics & Terminology

What movement do muscles do

Pull, contract only never push

Agonist

Primary mover muscle

Antagonist

Reverse / opposes movement

In elbow flexion and extension, between the biceps and triceps, which is the agonist and which is the antagonist

flexion - Bicep is agonist, triceps is antagonist

extension - triceps is agonist, biceps is antagonist

Synergists - what and what are the functions

Helps the agonist / primer mover

Add force and prevent unwanted movement

Fixator

Type of synergist that immobilizes the origin → gives primer mover a stable base

If the rotator cuffs stabilize the shoulders, what function is it doing

Fixator

If muscle is anterior to joint, what movement is it likely to do

Flexion

If muscle is posterior to joint, what movement is it likely to do

Extension

If muscle is lateral to joint, what movement is it likely to do

Abduction

If muscle is medialto joint, what movement is it likely to do

Adduction

How does movement based on location differ in lower limbs such as your knee and ankle joints

Opposite from upper limbs

Anterior - extension (quads)

Posterior - flexion (hamstrings)

What location is the temporalis muscle

Temporal bone

What shape is the deltoid muscle based on the name

Triangle

What are the three sizes when it comes to naming muscles

Maximus

Minimus

Longus

What are the three directions of muscle fibers or fascicles when naming

Rectus, transversus, oblique

Rectus direction

Fibers run straight

Transversus direction

Fibers run at right angles (perpendicular)

Oblique direction

Fibers run at angles to imaginary defined axis (diagonally)

Naming muscles by number of

origins

bi - 2

tri -3

quad - 4

When naming based on location of attachment
which comes first

Origin comes first before insertion

What does the sternocleidomastoid connect

Sternum - clavicles - mastoid process