Abiotic & Biotic Factors

Abiotic factors

Non‑living factors in an ecosystem (light, temperature, water, pH, minerals)

Biotic factors

Living factors in an ecosystem (predators, competition, disease)

Light intensity

Abiotic factor affecting photosynthesis and plant distribution

Temperature

Abiotic factor affecting enzyme activity and survival

Water availability

Abiotic factor determining which organisms can survive

Soil quality

Abiotic factor including pH and mineral content

Oxygen availability

Abiotic factor important in aquatic habitats

Pollution

Abiotic factor that can reduce biodiversity

Competition

Biotic factor where organisms compete for resources

Predation

Biotic factor controlling prey population size

Disease

Biotic factor reducing population size

What are abiotic factors?

Non‑living environmental factors like light, temperature, water

What are biotic factors?

Living factors like predators, competitors, pathogens

How does light intensity affect organisms?

Low light reduces photosynthesis and plant growth

How does temperature affect organisms?

Affects enzyme activity and survival rates

How does water availability affect distribution?

Only drought‑adapted species survive in dry areas

How does soil pH affect plants?

Some plants grow only in acidic or alkaline soils

Why is oxygen important in aquatic habitats?

Low oxygen can kill fish and other animals

How does pollution affect communities?

Sensitive species die, reducing biodiversity

How does competition affect population size?

Limits access to food, space, mates

How does predation affect populations?

Predators reduce prey numbers

How does disease affect populations?

Can reduce numbers or wipe out species