APUSH 31 Simple IDs

Red Scare

The public panic of 1919–1920 fueled by fear of a Bolshevik revolution, leading to arrests and deportations of political radicals.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Hooded defenders of Anglo-Saxon and Protestant values who opposed immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and African Americans.

National Origins Act (Immigration Act of 1924)

Restrictive immigration law that sharply reduced immigration and discriminated against southern and eastern Europeans.

Cultural pluralism

The belief that immigrants should preserve their cultural traditions rather than assimilate completely.

Prohibition

National policy created by the Eighteenth Amendment banning alcohol, which led to bootlegging and organized crime.

Scopes Trial

Legal battle over the teaching of evolution that pitted modern science against Fundamentalist religion.

Model T

Henry Ford’s inexpensive, durable, mass-produced automobile.

The Birth of a Nation

D. W. Griffith’s 1915 film about Reconstruction that glorified the Ku Klux Klan and provoked protests by African Americans.

Radio

Consumer product of the 1920s that encouraged people to stay at home rather than go out for entertainment.

Birth control movement

Movement led by Margaret Sanger that promoted contraception and changed sexual behavior for women.

Jazz

Syncopated musical style created by African Americans that gained national popularity in the 1920s.

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Marcus Garvey’s organization that promoted Black pride and African resettlement.

American Mercury

H. L. Mencken’s magazine that attacked traditional morals, Puritanism, and middle-class values.

This Side of Paradise

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s first novel that celebrated youth and defined the Jazz Age.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement centered in Harlem that celebrated African American art, literature, and music.

Mitchell Palmer

U.S. attorney general who led the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian American anarchists whose trial and execution sparked worldwide protest.

Al Capone

Chicago gangster of the 1920s convicted of income-tax evasion.

John Dewey

Influential philosopher and advocate of progressive education.

William Jennings Bryan

Former presidential candidate who opposed evolution at the Scopes Trial.

Henry Ford

Innovator who revolutionized automobile production through mass manufacturing.

Bruce Barton

Advertising executive who portrayed Jesus as a businessman in The Man Nobody Knows.

Langston Hughes

Harlem Renaissance poet and author of The Weary Blues.

Charles A. Lindbergh

Aviator who became a national hero after his solo transatlantic flight.

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican-born Black nationalist leader who promoted racial pride.

Randolph Bourne

Intellectual who argued for cultural pluralism and a transnational America.

H. L. Mencken

Social critic who attacked American moral hypocrisy and conformity.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Novelist whose works captured the spirit of the Jazz Age.

Ernest Hemingway

Writer whose novels expressed postwar disillusionment.

Gertrude Stein

Experimental writer whose Paris salon supported American artists and writers.