Endocrine System

Where is the thyroid gland located near the lower part of?

Larynx (voice box)

What are the three hormones of the thyroid gland?

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and Calcitonin

What is the adrenal glands a part of?

Triangular glands (above the kidney)

What is the inner core and the outer layer called for the adrenal glands?

medulla and cortex

What are the hormones produced by the medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

When a person is stressed the anterior pituitary gland releases what?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What does the ACTH trigger the adrenal cortex to produce?

cortisol and aldosterone

What are female gonads?

Ovaries

What do the ovaries produce?

eggs and hormones

Levels of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland trigger the ovaries to produce what?

estrogen and progesterone

What is embedded with the back of the thyroid glands?

Parathyroid Glands

What is the hormone of the parathyroid gland?

parathyroid hormone

Located behind the sternum and in front of the lungs

Thymus gland

What is the thymus gland a part of?

the endocrine system and the immune system

Hormone of the thymus gland

thymosin

Part of the endocrine system and the digestive system

Pancreas

What are the specialized cells called in the pancreas which are classified as an endocrine gland?

Islets of Langerhans

What does Islets of Langerhans produce?

insulin and glucagon

What is the male gonad?

Testes

What do the testes produce?

sperm and hormones

Levels of LH from the anterior pituitary gland trigger the testes to produce what?

testosterone

Found between the two cerebral hemispheres (behind the corpus collosum)

Pineal gland

What does the pineal gland produce?

melatonin

Receives information from the brain and bloodstream on the conditions of the body

Hypothalamus

How does the hypothalamus responds to information

creating hormones which send to the pituitary gland

Broken into two lobes (anterior and posterior)

pituitary gland

Where is the pituitary glands located?

beneath the hypothalamus

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

FSH, growth hormone, LH, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and ACTH

- receives hormones from the hypothalamus (oxytocin & ADH), stores them, and sends them to other places in the body when the hypothalamus tells it to

Posterior pituitary gland

The posterior pituitary releases _______________ and _______________, which are produced by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells.

oxytocin and antidiuretic (ADH)

The hormone _______________ (PRL) specifically affects the mammary glands to stimulate milk production.

prolactin

The thyroid gland is located _______________ to the trachea and just below the epiglottis.

anterior

When blood calcium levels fall, the _______________ glands release ______________ (PTH) to stimulate osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix.

parathyroid and parathyroid hormone

The hormone _______________, released by the thyroid, helps reduce blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposit in bone.

calcitonin

The adrenal gland consists of an outer _______________ and an inner _______________.

cortex and medulla

During short-term stress, the adrenal medulla releases ______________ (epinephrine and norepinephrine).

catecholamines

Mineralocorticoids, such as _______________, promote the retention of _______________ and water by the kidneys.

aldosterone and sodium

Long-term stress responses involve the release of _______________, which help convert proteins and fats into glucose for energy.

glucocorticoids

The enzyme _______________ is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure to indirectly stimulate aldosterone release.

renin

The _______________ releasing cells of the pancreas are activated when blood glucose levels decrease, such as after skipping a meal.

glucagon

_______________ is released by the pancreas to enhance the uptake of glucose by body cells when blood sugar is high.

Insulin

Glucagon causes the _______________ to break down glycogen stores and release glucose into the blood.

liver