Lab Final

3.0(1)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/48

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 5:50 AM on 6/3/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

49 Terms

1
New cards
What is gel electrophoresis?
A technique that separates DNA fragments by size using an electric current through a gel.
2
New cards
Why does DNA move through a gel?
DNA has a negatively charged phosphate backbone and moves toward the positive electrode.
3
New cards
Which DNA fragments move farther in a gel?
Smaller fragments move faster and farther.
4
New cards
How do you identify a homozygous genotype on a gel?
One band appears because both alleles are the same size.
5
New cards
How do you identify a heterozygous genotype on a gel?
Two bands appear because the alleles are different sizes.
6
New cards
What is PCR?
Polymerase Chain Reaction; a method used to make many copies of a specific DNA region.
7
New cards
What are the three steps of PCR?
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension.
8
New cards
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
A model describing a population that is not evolving.
9
New cards
What are the five Hardy-Weinberg assumptions?
No natural selection, random mating, large population, no migration, no mutation.
10
New cards
What is the allele frequency equation?
p + q = 1
11
New cards
What is the genotype frequency equation?
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
12
New cards
What is evolution?
Change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
13
New cards
What are the five mechanisms of evolution?
Mutation, migration, genetic drift, natural selection, and sexual selection.
14
New cards
What is natural selection?
Non-random survival and reproduction of better-adapted organisms.
15
New cards
What is convergent evolution?
Unrelated organisms evolve similar traits independently.
16
New cards
What is divergent evolution?
Species become increasingly different from a common ancestor.
17
New cards
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which organisms capture light energy and store it as chemical energy in sugars.
18
New cards
What is the photosynthesis equation?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
19
New cards
What is a chloroplast?
The organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
20
New cards
What is chlorophyll?
The green pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
21
New cards
Where does the photo reaction occur?
Thylakoid membrane.
22
New cards
Where does the synthesis reaction occur?
Stroma of the chloroplast.
23
New cards
Why are plants green?
They reflect green light and absorb most other visible wavelengths.
24
New cards
What pigment gives red algae their color?
Phycoerythrin.
25
New cards
What pigment gives brown algae their color?
Fucoxanthin.
26
New cards
What determines blood type?
Antigens present on red blood cells.
27
New cards
What is the Rh factor?
An antigen that determines whether blood is positive (+) or negative (-).
28
New cards
What does agglutination mean in a blood typing test?
Clumping that indicates the antigen is present.
29
New cards
Anti-A clumps, Anti-B does not, Anti-D clumps. Blood type?
A+
30
New cards
Anti-A and Anti-B clump, Anti-D clumps. Blood type?
AB+
31
New cards
No clumping with Anti-A or Anti-B, but Anti-D clumps. Blood type?
O+
32
New cards
O− can donate to
O−, O+, A−, A+, B−, B+, AB−, AB+ (universal donor)
33
New cards
O+ can donate to
O+, A+, B+, AB+
34
New cards
A− can donate to
A−, A+, AB−, AB+
35
New cards
A+ can donate to
A+, AB+
36
New cards
B− can donate to
B−, B+, AB−, AB+
37
New cards
B+ can donate to
B+, AB+
38
New cards
AB− can donate to
AB−, AB+
39
New cards
AB+ can donate to
AB+ only
40
New cards
What is ecology?
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
41
New cards
What is a population?
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
42
New cards
What is a community?
All populations of different species living in the same area.
43
New cards
What is an ecosystem?
A community of organisms and the nonliving environment they interact with.
44
New cards
What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives.
45
New cards
What is a niche?
The role an organism plays in its ecosystem.
46
New cards
What is a producer?
An organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis.
47
New cards
What is a consumer?
An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
48
New cards
What is a decomposer?
An organism that breaks down dead organic matter and recycles nutrients.
49
New cards
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size an environment can support.