INTERFERONS

What are Interferons?

Immunostimulant cytokines that interfere with viral replication, activate the immune system, and have antiproliferative effects.

What are the types of Interferons and their uses?

Alpha (α) is antiviral and antineoplastic; Beta (β) is for multiple sclerosis; Gamma (γ) is for immune deficiencies.

What is the prototype of Interferon?

Interferon alfa-2b

What is the mechanism of action of Interferons?

bind to specific cell receptors, inhibiting viral RNA & protein synthesis, boosting immune activity, and suppressing angiogenesis.

What conditions does Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) treat?

Hairy cell leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, malignant melanoma, chronic hepatitis B & C, genital warts, hemangiomas.

What are the major black box warnings associated with Interferon products?

may cause Neuropsychiatric issues, ischemia, autoimmune disorders, and severe infections.

What common adverse effects should be monitored for when administering Interferons?

Flulike symptoms, hematologic issues (neutropenia, anemia), liver enzyme increases.

when do the adverse effects take effect and how long?

1-2 hrs of the injection, lasts up to 24 hours

what are some contraindications of taking Interferon alfa-2b

active infections, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, severe depression, liver disease, posttransplant immunosuppression

The nurse should monitor what while taking this medication?

liver function (AST, ALT), kidney function (BUN, CR), signs of infection, mental changes, worsening neutropenia/ thrombocytopenia

What should patients know about the storage of Interferon?

Store in the refrigerator, do not freeze or shake.

What route is interferon alfa-2b given by?

IV, IM, SUB-Q and intralesional

What is Peginterferon alfa-2a used for?

Hepatitis B and C with a longer half-life and weekly dosing.

Why should patients use contraception while on Interferons?

To prevent pregnancy during and for 6 months after use, especially with ribavirin.

What is the expected therapeutic effect for Kaposi sarcoma when treated with Interferon?

Resolution or stabilization of skin lesions.

How would you administer interferon alfa-2b into a wart?

Inject it directly into the base wart lesions.

What is peginterferon alfa-2a used for?

Hepatitis B/C

what is interferon beta-1a/ beta-1b used for?

multiple sclerosis

what is interferon gamma- 1b used for?

chronic granulomatous disease