BIO 315 Lab Exam 3: Digestive System

Root of the tongue

Feature

- Gray line under the tongue

Tip of the tongue

Feature

- Very front of the tongue

Body of the tongue

Feature

- All the pink above the black

Dorsum of tongue

Surface

- Whole top part of tongue

Terminal sulcus

Depression

- Valley in tongue

Foramen cecum

Hole

- In center back of tongue

Lingual tonsil

Strucutre

- Black bumps on the back of tongue

Filliform papillae

Collective strucutre

- First third of bumps on the tip of the tongue

Fungiform papillae

Collective structure

- Middle taste buds

- Look like mushrooms

Vallate papillae

Collective structure

- Tastebuds on the back of the tongue

- Biggest ones up on ridge

Inferior surface of tongue

Surface

- Underside of tongue

Frenulum of tongue

Structure

- Webbing under tongue

Genioglossus muscle

Structure

- Square shaped muscle right under the tongue

Hyoglossus muscle

Structure

- Connects the hyoid bone to the side of the tongue

Submandibular gland

Structure

- On side of the neck

- Bulb

- Oval blob under the jaw

- TA will stick probe in it to show

Palatoglossal arch

Strucutre

- arch formed by 2 thick muscles connecting

Palatopharyngeal arch

Structure

- arch formed by 2 thin muscles connecting

Tonsillar fossa

Depression

- In between arches on side of mouth

- Under the epiglottis

Palatine tonsil

Entire structure

- pink bumps lateral to black bumps

Nasopharynx

Boundary

- On top portion of head

Oropharynx

Boundary

Middle part where mouth is

Laryngopharynx

Boundary

- On neck

Piriform recesses

Depression

- Above the epiglottis on the side

Thoracic esophagus

Structure

- In the middle of the body below the aorta

- In the chest cavity

Greater curvature of stomach

Border

- Convex lateral surface of the stomach

Lesser curvature of stomach

Border

- Concave medial surface of the stomach

Cardia of the stomach

Feature

- Top portion where esophagus enters

Fundus of the stomach

Balloon

- Top bag-like portion, lateral to the cardia

Body of the stomach

Region

- Middle part

- The rest of the stomach

Pyloric antrum

Feature

- Divet before the ball like structure

Pylorus

Strucure

- After the pyloric antrum

- Narrow exit part of the stomach

Pyloric sphincter muscle

Internal structure

- ridges

- TA will open the pylorus, and lay probe inside to show

Gastric folds

Internal structure

- Folds on inside of stomach

Superior part of the duodenum

Portion

- connects to pylorus of stomach

- Top part

Descending part of duodenum

Portion

- Goes downward

- Wraps around the pancreas

Horizontal part of the duodenum

Portion

- Below the head of pancreas

- Bends 90 degrees

Ascending part of the duodenum

Portion

- Goes up

- Very last part of horseshoe shape

- After the 90 degree section

Cecum

Structure

- Ball like structure

Ileal orifice

Junction

- Between ileum and cecum

- TA will lay probe above the cecum to show

Appendix

Worm

- Between ileum and cecum

- Yellow

- Attached to the cecum

Ascending colon

Structure

- Goes up from the cecum

- Upward portion

Right colic flexure

Corner

- Upper right corner around liver

Transverse colon

Strucutre

- The horizontal part on the top

- Top of the square

Left colic flexure

Corner

- Upper left corner around spleen

Sigmoid colon

Structure

- Most inferior part

- Bottom of the square

Taeniae coli muscle

Structure

- Shiny bit of smooth muscle in middle of small intestine

- TA will show on the transverse colon

- TA FAVE

Haustra of colon

Chunks

- Curves of the intestine

- The chunky segments

- TA FAVE

Omental appendices

Feature

- Fat parts hanging off the colon

- Shown on the right lateral side

Transverse folds of the rectum

Internal structure

- All the peaks and points inside the rectum

Anal canal

Opening

- Opening by rectum

- TA will place probe in hole to show

Internal anal sphincter muscle

Strucutre

- Divits on side of anal canal

- Muscle at the end

- #61

- TA will have model open to show

External anal sphincter muscle

Structure

- The circle surrounding anal canal

- TA will close the model and trace outer circle to show

Anal columns

Ridges

- Lighter ridges in anal canal

- Above the internal anal sphincter

Anal sinuses

Depressions

- Darker areas between the anal columns

Greater omentum

Covering

- Fat drape over front of body

The mesentery of the small intestine

Connecting structure

- The yellow fat connected to the small intestine

Sigmoid mesocolon

Covering

- trampoline looking thing

-connects sigmoid colon to posterior wall

Diaphragmatic surface of the liver

Region

- On top of liver

Visceral surface of the liver

Region

- Bottom and backside of liver

Inferior border of the liver

Boundary

- Bottom of liver, sharper edge

Falciform ligament

Structure

- Structure in between 2 lobes like a web

- Middle flap on the front

Anterior layer of the coronary ligament

Layer

- Connects the diaphragm and liver on the FRONT side

Posterior layer of the coronary ligament

Layer

- Connects diaphragm and liver on the BACK side

Bare area of the liver

Area

- Area that is split so you can see through the diaphragm

- TA will place probe in the slit in the coronary ligament to show

Right lobe of the liver

Structure

- Larger side

- On the right from posterior view

Left lobe of the liver

Structure

- Smaller side

- On left side from posterior view

Caudate lobe

Structure

- Top lobe in the middle

Quadrate lobe

Structure

- Bottom lobe in middle

Right sagittal fissure

Division

- right side of the H

Sulcus for the inferior vena cava

Depression

- Top half of the right side of H

Fossa for the gallbladder

Depression

- Bottom right side of H

- Where the gallbladder would sit

Left sagittal fissure

Divison

- Left side of the H

Fissure for round ligament

Depression

- Bottom left side of H

Round ligament of liver

Structure

- Bottom left side of H

- TA will tap it to show

Fissure for ligamentum venosum

Depression

- Top left of H

Ligamentum venosum

Structure

- That fills that depression

- top left of H

Porta hepatis

Division

- Middle of the H

The hepatic "H"

Collective division

- The entire H

Gallbladder

Structure

- Dark sac

- Deflated balloon

Fundus of the gallbladder

Feature

- Bottom curved portion of the gallbladder

Cystic duct

Structure

- Comes straight off of the gallbladder going up

Common hepatic duct

Structure

- Part of the cystic duct that continues straigt up

- Structure comes up from the cystic duct

- TA FAVE

Bile duct

Structure

- Comes off of cystic duct going down

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Structure

- Bulb at the end of the bile duct and start of the duodenum intestine

Major duodenal papilla

Opening

- On the inside of pancreas

- TA will stick the probe inside the duodenum to show

Pancreas

Structre

- Mangled looking structure

Head of the pancreas

Feature

- Shrimp tail at the top

- Medial

Uncinate process of the pancreas

Feature

- Curled part on the head of pancreas

Body of the pancreas

Feature

- Lateral to the head

- Middle portion

Tail of the pancreas

Feature

- Tip of the pancreas

- most lateral

Pancreatic duct

Structure

- TA will flip pancreas over to show

- Middle lighter line