Psych 006 Midterm 1

Comte

First sociologist, founded the unity of knowledge.

Hierarchy of knowledge

A concept by Comte illustrating the arrangement of sciences from mathematics to sociology.

Natural selection

The process through which evolution occurs, influencing psychological traits and behaviors.

Floyd Allport

One of the founders of social psychology, focusing on how individuals influence and react to one another.

Gordon Allport

A social psychologist known for his ideas about social influence and the perceived presence of others.

Social psychology

The scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts.

Objectivity

A scientific goal that emphasizes the need for impartiality in research.

Validity and reliability

Criteria ensuring that research methods produce accurate and consistent results.

Consilience

The linking of principles across different disciplines to form a comprehensive theory.

Evolutionary foundations of social behavior

The idea that natural selection shapes social behaviors and cognitive processes.

Grandmother hypothesis

The theory that humans live longer post-reproductive age to help raise grandchildren.

Ethical principles

Guidelines like respect, beneficence, and justice that protect human subjects in research.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A committee that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met.

Replication

The process of conducting a study again to see if the results are consistent.

P-hacking

Manipulating data to achieve statistically significant results.

Self-control

The self-regulation of thoughts, feelings, and actions when facing conflicting goals.

Delay discounting

The decline in value of a reward as the delay to receive it increases.

Sociometer theory of self-esteem

The concept that self-esteem acts as a gauge of social acceptance.

Social comparison theory

The theory that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others.

Cognitive vs social cognition

Cognitive tasks pertain to understanding physical aspects, while social cognition involves understanding others.

Schema

An organizational system in memory for storing and retrieving information.

Mirror self-recognition test

A test assessing self-awareness, where an animal recognizes itself in a mirror.