Global Sustainability and Innovation - Energy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to energy, sustainability, and the historical context of industrialization in the lecture.

Energy

Derived from the Greek word 'Energeia', meaning 'Activity' or 'Operation'.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy based on an object's position or condition.

Thermal Energy

Energy that comes from the temperature of matter.

Gravitational Energy

Potential energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position.

Sound Energy

Energy produced by vibrating sound waves.

Light Energy

Energy that is visible and can be seen by the human eye.

Electromagnetic Energy

Energy that travels in waves and includes visible light, radio waves, and X-rays.

Work

The amount of energy transferred when a force is applied to an object.

Total Energy

The sum of all energy forms in the universe remains constant.

Manufacturing

The process of producing goods from raw materials.

Transportation

Movement of people or goods from one location to another.

Renewable Energy

Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar or wind.

Fossil Fuels

Non-renewable energy sources, primarily hydrocarbons, formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization from the late 18th to early 19th centuries that transformed economies.

Greenhouse Effect

The trapping of the sun's warmth in the planet's lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases.

CO2 Emissions

Carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

Hubbert’s Peak

The theory that fossil fuel production will follow a bell-shaped curve, peaking at a certain point before declining.

Global Warming

An increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

A monetary measure that represents the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period.

Energy Consumption

The amount of energy or power used by an individual, organization, or country.

Population Explosion

A rapid increase in population that occurs when a country's birth rate exceeds its death rate.

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Energy sources that cannot be replenished in a short time, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Emerging Economies

Nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization.

Climate Change

Significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns.

Energy Hungry

Describing inventions or systems that require large amounts of energy to operate.