PSC 1001 Late Quiz

comparative politics late quiz

Hiroshima

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.

Nagasaki

Japanese city devastated during World War II when the United States dropped the second atomic bomb on Aug 8th, 1945.

Japan after WW2

Japan surrendered. After WW2 → General Douglas MacArthur began establishing a democracy in Japan (1946).

Japan governmental system

Constitutional monarchy with an emperor

Japan Upper House

House of Councillors (advisory)

Japan Upper House Seats

248 seats. 148 directory, 100 proportional

Japan Upper House membership renewal

Every 3 years

Japan Lower House seats

465 seats. 176 seats elected by proportional party list

Party list

voting system in which voters in multi-member constituencies choose from a list of candidates; parties are rewarded with a percentage of the seats available in each constituency

Japan election results

116 seats out of 465 are chosen

Japanese Iron Triangle

Bureaucrats

Japanese Economics

Others want Japan to remove their quotas

Kuril Islands

Occupied by the Soviet Union after World War II; causes problems between Japan and Russia

Japanese GDP

Highest debt to GDP ratio. Domestic production is high. Ratio is 229.2.

Berlin Wall

A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.

German political system

Many parties but no one takes full control

German debt to GDP ratio

63%

German political structure

Parliament

German Chief of State

President (oversees election). Stays 5 years. Elected by federal convention.

German presidential election

No popular vote. Chosen by Lower House of Legislature & State Parliaments

German Chancellor

Prime Minister. Chosen by ceremonial appointment

German Upper House

69 seats. Chosen by state governments. Unlimited chancellor power.

German Lower House

736 seats

French Revolution

The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

French 2nd Republic

New constitution created Nov 4, 1848 created by constituent assembly. Established a republic (Second R) with unicameral (1-house) legislature of 750 elected by universal male suffrage for 3yrs and a president also elected by uni male suffrage for 4yrs. In elections in Dec 1848, N's nephew Charles Louis Nap. Bonapart defeated 4 republicans associated with the early months of the 2nd republic and within 4yrs President Bonapart become Emperor

French 3rd Republic

Napoleon III is defeated (1871) and Monarchist factions compete for power; (1875) constitution and ceremonial president

French 4th Republic

Established parliament

French 5th Republic

Current republican constitution of France enacted in 1958. Replaced the parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system. Under Charles de Gaulle's constitution, executive power was increased.

French current republic overview

Semi-presidential. Power shared by legislature, president, and prime minister.

Hybrid government

President elected by people and PM picked by president

Semi-Presidentialism

President handles foreign affairs. PM handles domestic affairs.

French Unitary

Controls 21 regions

French PM

Involved in National Assembly, the bi-cameral lower house.

Cohabitation

President and PM work together no matter what

French presidential election

Popular vote

French Lower House

Single member district

French Upper House

Every region represented

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

1993 Oslo Accords

Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat and Israel's prime minister Yitzhak Rabin met to begin to work out a peace deal that included each side the right of the other to occur. Recognized a Palestinian state. Israel left status quo.

3 Aspects of Oslo Accords

1. Israel withdraws from Gaza. 2) Transfer West Bank to Palestinian authority. 3) Jerusalem

Guarantor

a person who agrees to pay a debt if the primary debtor does not

4 guarantor counselors

US, UN, EU, Russia

Customs Union

Open borders within the same continents. Everyone in EU follows the same law.

Economic Union

Use the Euro. Common market.

Common Market

A group of countries that have eliminated tariffs and harmonized trading rules to facilitate the free flow of goods among the member nations

Political Union

A central political apparatus coordinates economic, social, and foreign policy

EU Membership Laws

Democracy, Rule of Law, Competitive Economy, Good Market, Peace

EEC

European Economic Community; usually called the Common Market, in 1957, six European nations signed the Treaty of Rome, which provided for the gradual abolition of tariffs and import quotas amon the six member nations. (France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemberg.)

1957 EEC

Italy, West Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

EFTA Neutral Countries

Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Denmark

1973 EFTA

Denmark, UK, Ireland, Norway

European Commission

Body responsible for proposing EU legislation, implementing it, and monitoring compliance. Unicameral parliament.

French Economics

60% debt to GDP ratio

Austerity

Voluntary deflation by cutting public spending

Stimulus

Go more into debt and give money for others to spend. Causes a ripple effect

EU Neighborhood Policy

Virtual free trade by implementing all EU laws

Absolute Monarchy

The stage in the evolutionary development of Europe between the more decentralized feudal monarchies of the Middle Ages and the constitutional governments of the modern era

Blocked Vote

A vote that forces the legislature to accept bills in their entirety and allows amendments only if they are approved by the government

Code Law

Law derived from detailed legal codes rather than from precedent

Cohabitation definition

Arrangement in which presidents lacking a majority of legislative power appoint an opposition PM who can gain a majority of support in the legislature

Constitutional Council

Highest judicial authority on constitutional and electoral matters

Council of Ministers

Cabinet selected by PM

Dirigisme

Emphasis on state authority in economic development. Combination of social-democratic and mercantilist ideas.

Events of May

Parisian riots of 1968 in which students and workers called for educational and social reforms

Fifth Republic

Government established in France in October 1958, made after a new French consitution gave more power to the president. Charles De Gaulle was the first president of the Fifth French Republic. De Gaulle soon started a long retreat from Algeria

Four-Party

A system requiring coalition building in the second round of the two-round single-member district system

French Communist Party

One of the dominant parties of the French left since the end of WWII

French Democratic Labor Confederation

A smaller confederation backed by the Socialist Party

French Socialist Party

Dominant party of the French left. French Centre-left; replaced French Section of the Workers International; for individual workers, etc. to succeed; agreed on political libertiers, freer education, anticlericalism, and antimilitarism; Marxism bias

General Confederation of Labor

Most powerful French union confederation; it is linked to the French Communist Party. French national organization of trade unions whose decentralization and failure to include some of the more important unions kept it weak and ineffective.

Francois Hollande

Socialist president of France from 2012-2017.

Laicite

The subordination of religious identity to state and national identity- state over church

Marine Le Pen

Daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen and leader of the National Front since 2011

Emmanuel Macron

Inexperienced centrist economist who is the current president.

Motion of Censure

An act of legislature against the government, requiring new elections when proposed legislation submitted as matters of confidence are not passed

National Assembly

South Africa's legislature; A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

National Front

Political party in Iran following World War II, which opposed the monarchy and favored greater Iranian control over natural resources. Outlawed after Operation Ajax.

Parlement

Bicameral legislature. In France, initially political bodies responsible for recording laws/edicts - eventually pushed power by not recording edicts they didn't agree with.

Populism

The political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite

Prefect

Government appointed local official

President

Head of State

French Prime Minister

Approved by French president. Approved by majority of the lower house of the legislature.

French PM duties

Chooses a cabinet and presides over government affairs

Rally for the Republic

Party formed by Jacques Chirac as the more nationalist, socially conservative, Euroskeptic force of the French right

Reign of Terror

Seizure of power and class war launched by radical Jacobins in revolutionary France. 1793-94.

French Republicans

Main party of French right. Formerly the Union for a Popular Movement.

Nicolas Sarkozy

French president who continued Chirac's government and also had issues with immigration. Promised to address Muslim tensions but failed to do so. 2007-2012.

Senat

France's 348-member upper house of legislature

Union for a Popular

A single cohesive party of the center right formed in 2002 with Chirac's encouragement, which has since been renamed the Republicans

Yellow-Vests Movement

Mass protests that began in late 2018 in opposition to tax reforms and reductions in subsidies for gasoline; the movement was named for the safety vests that French motorists are required to carry in their vehicles

Union for French Democracy

An alliance of five center-right parties founded in 1978 by Chirac's rival and former president Valery Giscard d'Estaing as a more neoliberal force of the French right

Two-Bloc System

A system requiring coalition building in the second round of the two-round single-member district system

Basic Law

Germany's current constitution

Bundesrat

The upper house, or Federal Council, of the German Diet (legislature).

Bundestag

The lower house in the German federal system; most legislative activity occurs in this house.

Catchall Parties

Parties that attempt to attract voters of all classes and are, therefore, generally centrist in their platforms

Christian Democratic Union

Germany's largest conservative party

Codetermination

The system requiring that unions occupy half of all seats on the boards of directors of Germany's largest private firms

Federal Chancellor

Germany's prime minister and head of government

Federal Constitutional Court

The highest court in Germany, established by the Basic Law and responsible for judicial review