Physical Education Movement Concepts and Skill Themes

Vocabulary terms and definitions based on lecture notes covering space awareness, skill proficiency levels, locomotor skills, body actions, heart rate calculations, and principles of training.

Effort

How the body moves, defined by time (fast/slow), force (strong/light), and flow (bound/free).

Space Awareness

A movement concept involving location (self space and general space), direction, levels, pathways, and extensions.

Direction

Aspects of space awareness including up/down, forward/backward, right/left, and counter/clockwise.

Levels

Descriptions of space awareness categorized as low, middle, and high.

Pathways

The patterns of movement categorized as straight, curved, or zigzag.

Relationships

A concept referring to with whom or with what the body moves, including body parts or groups.

Precontrol Level

A Generic Level of Skill Proficiency characterized by the exploration of a skill.

Control Level

A level where there is development of a mature pattern of performance and the skill can be combined with one other factor.

Utilization Level

A level of performance characterized by accuracy and the use of skills in combination with other factors.

Proficiency Level

A level representing mastery, where skills are applied in dynamic game-like settings.

Hopping

A locomotor skill involving moving from one foot to the same foot.

Skipping

A locomotor skill consisting of a step and a hop, alternating feet.

Galloping

A locomotor skill characterized by a slide in a forward direction.

Sliding

A locomotor skill described as a slide in a sideways direction.

Running

Moving with brief moments when both feet are off the ground.

Leaping

An extension of a run that has a greater dimension.

Stretching

The extension of body parts away from the trunk or the lengthening of the trunk itself.

Bending

The movement involved in the creation of angles.

Twisting

A body action involving rotation around an axis.

Curling

A movement that specifically involves the spine.

Static Balance

Maintaining a desired shape in a stationary position.

Dynamic Balance

Maintaining equilibrium while moving, starting, or stopping.

Base of Support

The foundation for balancing, which can be narrow vs. wide.

Counterbalance

Maintaining balance through extensions in the opposite direction.

Rolling

The act of transferring weight to adjacent body parts.

Punting

Kicking a ball that has been released from the hands while it is still in the air.

Volleying

Striking or giving impetus to an object with various body parts.

Educational Gymnastics

A child-centered approach where tasks and challenges are appropriate for each student's skill level.

Club Gymnastics

A style where all students perform the same movements in the same way.

Max Heart Rate (HRmax)

The heart rate when the heart is under maximal stress, calculated as $220 - \text{age}$.

Target Heart Rate Zone (THRZ)

A generally accepted range for exercise intensity representing $65-85\%$ of HRmax.

Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

A subjective rating of physical exertion used to assign exercise intensity.

Specificity

A principle of training stating that training should be specific to the desired outcome.

Overload

A principle of training where the stimulus should challenge the individual's ability.

Reversibility

The training principle often summarized as use it or lose it.

Agility

The skill-related component of fitness involving changing direction and position accurately.

Power

The skill-related component of fitness that involves generating speed and strength simultaneously.