reactions and mechanisms (amines) oat notes

imines

nitriles

azide

isocyanate

carbamates

nitrene

properties of amines

all but tertiary can form hydrogen bonds so higher bp than tertiary, sp3, needs 3 substituents, very weak acids

nitrogen inversion

an inversion of the sp3 orbital occupied by the lone pair

alkylation of amines

Lower amines can be alkylated by reacting them as nucleophiles with alkyl halides

Gabriel synthesis

converts primary alkyl halide into primary amine using phthalimide intermediate

reduction of nitro compounds

Converts nitro compounds to amines using hydrogen.

reduction of nitriles

Nitriles reduced to amines

reduction of imines

reduction of amides

1. LiAlH4

2. H2O

exhaustive methylation

The reaction of an amine with sufficient methyl iodide to convert the amine into a quaternary ammonium iodide