apwh empires

srivijaya empire

empire which held a choke point in the indian ocean trade in Southeast Asia

Majapahit Empire:

Located in Southeast Asia, specifically in what is now Indonesia, it was a powerful sea empire that flourished between the 13th and 16th centuries

Abbasid Caliphate

Centered in the Middle East, with its capital in Baghdad (modern-day Iraq), this (750–1258 CE) was a major Islamic empire that succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate and is renowned for its Golden Age of scientific, cultural, and intellectual advancements.

Seljuk Empire

Spanning parts of the Middle East and Central Asia, this (11th–14th centuries) played a crucial role in the medieval history of the region, especially in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), Iran, and surrounding areas, influencing Islamic culture and politics

Ottoman Empire

Based in modern-day Turkey and extending across Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, this (1299–1922) was one of the longest-lasting and most influential empires in history, notable for its military prowess and cultural achievements

Mali Empire

Located in West Africa, this (circa 1235–1600) was renowned for its wealth, especially in gold, and significant cultural and scholarly centers like Timbuktu during its height under rulers such as Mansa Musa.

Byzantine Empire

Situated in Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, this (330–1453) was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the east, with its capital in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), known for its rich tradition in art, architecture, and law.

Maya Civilization

Spread across present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador, this (circa 2000 BCE–16th century CE) was known for its sophisticated writing system, architectural feats, and complex calendar system.

Aztec Empire

Located in central Mexico, this (circa 1345–1521) was a powerful Mesoamerican civilization known for its impressive capital, Tenochtitlán, and extensive trade networks before being conquered by Spanish conquistadors.

Inca Empire

Stretching along the western coast of South America, primarily in present-day Peru, this (1438–1533) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, known for its unique engineering achievements, including Machu Picchu.

Mughal Empire

Based in the Indian subcontinent, this empire (1526–1857) was notable for its gunpowder

Songhai Empire

Located in West Africa, this empire (circa 1430–1591) was one of the largest Islamic empires in history, known for its wealth, learning centers, and military prowess, with its capital at Gao.

Safavid Empire:

Situated in modern-day Iran, this empire (1501–1736) was known for being a gunpowder empire