Forensic Science Test review

Fourth Amendment

Provides citizens with protection from illegal search and seizure.

Fifth Amendment Provisions

Includes protection from double jeopardy, assurances of due process, right to a grand jury, and protection from eminent domain.

Sixth Amendment

Grants citizens the right to a speedy, public trial by a jury.

Direct Evidence

Evidence found on a person, caught on video, caught on audio, eyewitness account, or a confession.

Indirect Evidence

Any evidence that does not fall under direct evidence.

Class Evidence

Evidence that can be traced to a category, such as blood type or shoe size.

Individual Evidence

Evidence that can be traced back to a single, unique source, such as DNA or fingerprints.

Burden of Proof for Search Warrant

Probable cause is required to issue a search warrant.

Exceptions to Search Warrant Requirement

Include consent, search incident to arrest, plain view, reasonable suspicion, and emergency/exigent circumstances.

Plain View Doctrine

Evidence in plain view of an officer can be seized without a warrant.

Admissibility of Evidence

Evidence obtained outside the scope of a search warrant is generally inadmissible in court.

Exigent Circumstances

Situations where an officer may enter a home without a warrant due to immediate danger.

Eyewitness Testimony

Testimony from someone who directly observed an event, considered direct evidence.

Hair Evidence

Considered indirect and class evidence in a crime scene investigation.

Fingerprints and Lip Prints

Considered individual evidence, as they can be traced back to a specific person.

Confession Note

Considered direct and individual evidence due to its handwritten nature.

Ayana's Testimony

Direct evidence as it is an eyewitness account, and individual as it implicates specific students.

Glass Shards

Indirect and class evidence found on a suspect's clothing.

Blood Type Evidence

Always class evidence; becomes individual if DNA is extracted.

Confession Admission

Considered direct evidence and individual as it implicates only the confessor.

Eyewitness Reliability Factors

Age, race, drugs and alcohol, and influence of other witnesses can affect reliability.

Suspect Identification Reliability Factors

Attractiveness, distinctive marks, tattoos, lighting/time of day, and familiarity with surroundings impact identification accuracy.