AP World - Unit 9 Vocab

automation

The use of machines or technology to do work that people once did by hand.

climate change

Long-term shifts in climate, especially warming linked to greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels.

deforestation

The clearing of forests, often to create farmland, extract resources, or support development.

economic liberalization

The reduction of government control over the economy to encourage trade, investment, and market activity.

epidemic

A disease outbreak that spreads rapidly through a population or region.

globalization

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through trade, technology, migration, culture, and communication.

green revolution

A major increase in agricultural production through improved seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and modern farming techniques.

monoculture

The practice of growing one crop over a large area, often for export or commercial farming.

multinational

A company that operates in more than one country.

nationalization

The transfer of private businesses or industries into government ownership.

neocolonialism

Indirect control of developing countries by stronger states through economic dependence, trade, or political pressure rather than direct conquest.

non-governmental organization (NGO)

A private, nonprofit group that works independently of governments to address humanitarian, environmental, or social problems.

pesticide

A chemical used to kill pests that damage crops or spread disease.

privatization

The transfer of government-owned businesses or services into private ownership.

regulation

Rules or laws used by governments to control economic activity, behavior, or industry.

vaccine

A biological preparation that helps the body build immunity to a disease.

public health

The organized effort to protect and improve the health of populations through prevention, sanitation, education, and disease control.

Offshoring / Global Manufacturing Shift

The moving of manufacturing out of a country. Global manufacturing began shifting from the US and Europe to East Asia in the last decades of the 20th century