Science of Tajweed Lecture

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, foundations, rulings, levels of recitation, and types of errors in the Science of Tajweed.

Tajweed (Linguistic Definition)

Betterment or improvement.

Tajweed (Applied Definition)

To articulate each letter from its makhraj by giving it its due rights and characteristics.

Rights of a letter

Required characteristics of a letter that never leave it and are always present in it.

Dues of a letter

Characteristics of a letter that are present in it some times and not present in it other times.

Theme of Tajweed Science

The words of the holy Quran and some narrations of the Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him).

Benefits of Tajweed

Preserving the tongue from making any kind of mistakes when reading Quran.

Practical Founder of Tajweed

The Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him), as the Quran was revealed to him with tajweed.

Theoretical Founder of Tajweed

Scholars of Quranic sciences such as Abu Ubaid al Qassim bin Salam, who died in the year $325$.

Derivation of Tajweed

Derived from the way the Prophet (peace be upon him) read Quran, followed by his companions and descendants with a connected and authentic chain.

Fardh Kifayah (Collective duty)

The ruling for the theoretical knowledge of Tajweed; if enough people in the community know it, it is not obligatory on others.

Fardh Ayn (Individual duty)

The ruling for the application of Tajweed; it is obligatory on every single Muslim to read the Quran with tajweed.

Othmanic writing

The calligraphy the Quran was written in during the ruling of Othman Bin Affan; a correct reading must agree with this script.

Correct Chain

A requirement for correct reading where the recitation must be linked to the Prophet Mohamed (peace and salutations be upon him) and therefore Allah.

Tahqeeq

The slowest form of recitation, performed with calmness and reflection, characterized by perfect pronunciation of each letter.

Hadr

The fastest form of recitation that still adheres to the rules of Tajweed, requiring caution not to omit elongations or nasal sounds.

Tadweer

A moderate pace of recitation between Tahqeeq and Hadr that combines correctness and speed.

Tarteel

A style of recitation adhering to the rules of Tajweed that applies to all three levels: Tahqeeq, Hadr, and Tadweer.

Lahn

A mistake or deviation from correctness in reciting the Noble Qur'an.

Lahn Jali (Apparent Error)

An obvious and clear error in the pronunciation of words, vowel marks, or letters, noticeable to those familiar with Arabic regardless of expertise.

Lahn Khafi (Hidden Error)

A subtle mistake in pronunciation detectable only by experts in Tajweed, such as neglecting qalqalah or failing to properly elongate madd.