BIO 203 Musculoskeletal Structures Practical Exam #1 Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the musculoskeletal structures of the Upper Extremity (UX) and Lower Extremity (LX) for BIO 203 Lab Practical #1.

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Gliding joint

Glenohumeral joint

Ball and Socket Joint

Elbow joint

hinge joint

radioulnar joint

uniaxial pivot joint

Intercarpal joints

Gliding Joint

Scapula: Key Processes

The acromion and coracoid processes.

Scapula: Fossae

The subscapular, infraspinous, supraspinous, and glenoid fossae.

Humerus: Proximal Landmarks

The head, surgical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, and the intertubercular sulcus (groove).

Humerus: Distal Landmarks

The capitulum (lateral), trochlea (medial), medial and lateral epicondyles, and the olecranon and coronoid fossae.

Ulna: Specific Landmarks

The olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, and styloid process.

Radius: Specific Landmarks

The head, neck, radial tuberosity, and styloid process.

Carpal Bones List

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral (Triquetrum), Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate.

Pectoralis Major

Origin: medial clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Humerus
Action: flexion, adduction, and internal (medial) rotation at the shoulder.

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and iliac crest
Insertion: anterior humerus
Action: extension, adduction, and internal (medial) rotation

Coracobrachialis

Origin: coracoid process

insertion: humerus

Action: flexion at the shoulder.

Subscapularis

origin: subscapular fossa

insertion: humerus.

Action: Internal Rotation of the shoulder

Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinous fossa

Insertion: humerus

Action: abduction of the humerus.

Infraspinatus

Origin: infraspinous fossa

Insertion: humerus

Action: External Rotation

Teres Minor

Origin: lateral/axillary border Scapula

Insertion: humerus

Action: External Rotation

Teres major

Action: shoulder extension, adduction, and external (lateral) rotation

Deltoid (Anterior, Middle, Posterior heads)

Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine

of scapula

Inserts on the deltoid tuberosity;

Action: abduction; anterior head does flexion/internal rotation; posterior head does extension/external rotation.

Triceps Brachii

Origin: long head: scapula, medial head: medial humerus, lateral head: lateral humerus

Insertion: olecranon process; 

Action: extension of the elbow and extension of the shoulder (long head only).

Biceps Brachii

Origin: long head: scapula, short head: coracoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Action: flexion of the shoulder and flexion of the elbow.

Brachialis

Action: flexion at the elbow joint.

Brachioradialis

Action: flexion of the elbow

Pronator teres

A muscle acting on the elbow to perform pronation.

Wrist Flexors

Flexor carpi radialis (abduction), Flexor carpi ulnaris (adduction), and Palmaris longus.

Wrist Extensors

Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis (abduction), and Extensor carpi ulnaris (adduction).

Sacroiliac (SI) joint

A synovial gliding joint of the lower extremity.

Hip joint articulation type

A synovial ball and socket joint.

Lower Extremity Hinge Joints

The knee and the ankle.

Coxal bone components

Includes the Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis; landmarks include the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and various spines/crests.

Ilium Landmarks

Iliac crest, $ASIS$, $AIIS$, $PSIS$, $PIIS$, and greater sciatic notch.

Ischium Landmarks

Ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, and lesser sciatic notch.

Femur: Proximal features

Greater and lesser trochanter, fovea capitis, head, and neck.

Femur: Posterior/Distal features

Linea aspera, medial/lateral condyles, and the popliteal and patellar surfaces (fossa).

Patella

A sesamoid bone ($2$ in total).

Tibia Landmarks

Medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity, and the medial malleolus.

Fibula Landmark

The lateral malleolus.

Tarsal Bones List

Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, and the $1st$ through $3rd$ (medial, intermediate, lateral) Cuneiforms.

Knee Joint Ligaments

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL), Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL), Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

Iliopsoas group

Comprised of the psoas major and iliacus; performs flexion of the hip.

Gluteus maximus

Performs extension and external rotation of the hip.

Gluteus medius and minimus

Muscles that perform abduction of the hip.

Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

Originates at the iliac crest, inserts into the IT Band, and stabilizes the knee.

Piriformis

Originates at the sacrum and performs abduction and external rotation of the hip.

Hip Adductor Group

Pectineus, Adductor magnus (inserts on linea aspera), Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, and Gracilis (inserts on tibia).

Sartorius

Originates at the $ASIS$ and performs external rotation/flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee.

Quadriceps Femoris (Heads)

Rectus femoris (origin $AIIS$), Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius; all insert at the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon.

Quadriceps Femoris (Action)

Performs extension of the knee; Rectus femoris also performs flexion of the hip.

Hamstrings (Components)

Biceps femoris (long and short heads), Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus.

Hamstrings (Action)

Performs extension of the hip and flexion of the knee.

Tibialis anterior

A muscle responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle.

Peroneus (fibularis) longus & brevis

Muscles responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the ankle.

Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius & Soleus)

Both insert on the calcaneus via the Achille’s (calcaneal) tendon; perform plantar flexion (Gastrocnemius also flexes the knee).

Spinal Nerves identifying the LX and UX

Ulnar, radial, sciatic, and femoral nerves.