Methods for Separating Mixtures Flashcards

A set of practice vocabulary flashcards covering basic separation techniques including filtration, distillation, and chromatography as described in the lecture notes.

Filtration

The process of separating insoluble solids from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter.

Filtrate

The liquid that passes through the filter during the process of filtration.

Residue

The particles or solid matter left behind in the filter after the filtration process.

Decanting

The process of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid or separating two immiscible liquids.

Immiscible liquids

Liquids that do not mix together, such as oil and water.

Evaporation

A method used to separate soluble solids from liquids, for example, separating salt from water.

Simple distillation

A technique that uses boiling and condensation to separate a solvent from a solution or two liquids with different boiling points.

Fractional distillation

A method used to separate liquids with similar boiling points, typically when the temperature difference is usually less than $40\,^{\circ}\text{C}$.

Chromatography

A technique that separates components in a mixture of dissolved substances based on the solubility of each component.

Chromatogram

The filter paper containing the separated colors once they have been allowed to dry in a warm place.

Fractionating tower

An apparatus used in the application of fractional distillation to separate crude oil into fractions like petrol, naphtha, and kerosene.

Ethanol

A substance with a boiling point of $78\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ that is commonly separated from water ($100\,^{\circ}\text{C}$) using fractional distillation.

Solubility

The property that determines how fast and how far a substance is carried up the paper during chromatography.