genetics review - dna & basic structure

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soberana - ieda - sem1t1

Last updated 8:11 PM on 4/15/26
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10 Terms

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Genome

all of an organism’s DNA

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DNA

molecule that carries genetic information and the complete DNA sequence

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gene

DNA sequence coding for a protein

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chromosome

organized DNA structures

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how many chromosomes in humans

46 chromosomes; 23 pairs; 22-autosomes & 1-gender inheritance

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karyotype

complete set of chromosomes of an organisms

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phenotype

observable/physical traits affected by genes and alleles

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allele

a different version of the same gene (ex: blue or brown alleles for eye color)

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genetic variation

differences in the genome where individuals have multiple alleles

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transcriptome

a set of RNA molecules