EXAM REVIEW (PART 3)

Vocabulary flashcards covering Canada's mid-20th-century history, including constitutional changes, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, immigration policies, and Indigenous relations.

Warsaw Pact

A 1955 response by Russia to the formation of NATO, occurring during the Cold War.

Lester B. Pearson

The individual who served as the president of the General Assembly of the UN in $1952$.

Constitution Act, 1982

The act that patriated the constitution, giving Canada total independence from Britain and control over its own constitution.

Meech Lake (1987) and Charlottetown Accord (1992)

The two failed attempts to amend the constitution to bring Quebec "into the fold" following constitutional renewal.

Constitutional Amending Formula

A rule requiring approval from the federal government and $7$ provinces comprising $50\%$ of the population to change the constitution.

Statute of Westminster, 1931

The statute that gave Canada almost total independence from Great Britain, with exceptions for constitutional changes and judicial appeals.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

The final court of appeal for Canadians until this legal connection to Britain ended in $1949$.

Section 2 (Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms)

The section defining fundamental freedoms, including conscience, religion, expression, peaceful assembly, and association.

Section 15 (Equality Rights)

The Charter section ensuring individuals are equal before and under the law without discrimination based on race, sex, age, or disability.

Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)

The first federal law in Canada to guarantee personal freedoms and equality rights, passed by the government of John Diefenbaker.

1967 Point-Based System

An immigration policy where individuals were assessed on education and skills, requiring $67$ or more points out of $100$ for entry.

1976 Immigration Act Classes

The three modern immigration categories: Independent Immigrants, Family Class, and Refugees.

Citizenship Act (1977)

Law that granted equal rights to all Canadian citizens regardless of whether they were native-born or immigrated from Commonwealth or non-Commonwealth countries.

Canadian Multiculturalism Act (1988)

Act created to protect cultural heritage and acknowledge multiculturalism as a fundamental characteristic of Canadian society.

1960 Indigenous Voting Rights

When Prime Minister John Diefenbaker extended federal voting rights to "Status Indians" without them losing their treaty status.

Sixties Scoop

A practice from the $1950s$ to $1980s$ where Indigenous children were taken by the child welfare system and adopted into non-Indigenous families.

The White Paper (1969)

A proposal by Jean Chretien to end treaty obligations, dissolve the Indian Act, and assimilate Indigenous people into Euro-Canadian culture.