AP Human Geography Models Lecture Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering agricultural, development, migration, political, and urbanization models from the AP Human Geography curriculum.

What does the Von Thunen Agricultural Model explain?

It explains the connection of different agricultural practices and the location of the market, accounting for land needed and transportation costs.

What is the concept of Cultural Landscape proposed by Carl Sauer?

The idea that human activity superimposes itself on the physical landscape, with each cultural group leaving its own unique imprints.

What is the significance of the Brandt Line theorized in 1980?

It divides the world between the developed North and the less developed South.

What indicators are measured by the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Life Expectancy, Education (Mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and Gross National Income (adjusted Purchasing Power Parity).

What is the primary assertion of the Losch Model of Profitability?

Manufacturing plants choose locations where they can maximize profit, known as the zone of profitability.

List the 5 Stages of Economic Development according to Rostow.

1. Traditional Society, 2. Pre-conditions to Take-off (Primary Sector), 3. Take-off (industry), 4. Maturity, 5. High Mass Consumption.

How does Wallerstein World Systems Theory categorize the roles of different countries?

It theorizes the world as a unified economic system divided into Core, Periphery, and semi-periphery.

In Clark's Industrial Sectors, what is the difference between Quaternary and Quinary activities?

Quaternary activities involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information; Quinary activities involve managerial or control-functions associated with decision-making in large corporations or high government officials.

What relationship does Weber's Least Cost Model explain?

The relationship of the cost of transporting materials between bulk-gaining and bulk-reducing industries with centers of production and the distance to markets.

According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, what is the most common cause for migration?

Economic causes.

What are the four types of boundary evolution proposed by Richard Hartshorne?

1. Antecedent, 2. Superimposed, 3. Subsequent, 4. Relict.

What are the five categories of Territorial Morphology in political geography?

1. Compact, 2. Prorupt, 3. Elongated, 4. Fragmented, 5. Perforated.

What variables does the Demographic Transition Model connect to explain change over time?

It connects development with changes in the Birth Rate, Death Rate, and Population growth.

According to Malthusian Theory, how do food and population grow respectively?

Food grows Arithmetically while Population grows Exponentially.

Which urban model is the African Model of Cities designed to resemble?

The concentric zone model, with rings extending from the commercial center.

How does Central Place Theory explain consumer behavior regarding distance?

People travel less distance for essential products but will travel further for consumer goods.

What is the Administrative Principle of Central Place Theory?

Lower order centers are located entirely within the hexagon of higher order centers due to problems in sharing centers.

What are the five rings of the Concentric Zone Model?

1. Central business district, 2. Zone of transition, 3. Zone of independent workers homes, 4. Zone of better residences, 5. Commuters zone.

What characterizes the Eastern European Model of Cities?

A historic center that is fairly unchanged with elite residential and industrial centers around the periphery of the city.

What are 'edge cities' in the context of the Galactic City Model?

Mini edge cities that are connected to another city by beltways or highways.

How does the Gravity Model calculate interaction between urban centers?

By size and distance; large cities have greater draw power, and interaction decreases as size and distance increase.

What is the 'Periférico' in the Latin America Model of Cities?

A zone on the periphery that includes squatter settlements and modern industrial parks.

Why was the Multiple Nuclei Model developed?

To account for the growing importance of cars and commuting by creating different nuclei that support each other.

Define the Primate City Rule.

The Largest city is more than twice as large as the next city in terms of importance and population.

According to the Rank-Size Rule, if a city is Rank 3, what is its population relative to the Rank 1 city?

$\frac{1}{3}$ the number of people as the Rank 1 city.

Describe the growth pattern in the Urbanization Sector Model.

Different sectors grow out in wedge-shaped areas away from the Central Business District (CBD).

What is the focal point of the Southeast Model of Cities?

The city is centered around a port.