Unit 3 Bonding

Ionic and covalent bonds vocabulary

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Octet Rule

The tendency of atoms to gain electrons until they reach 8 valence electrons for stability.

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that uses dots to represent valence electrons around an element. Illustrates bonding.

Anion

a negatively charged atom. Has more electrons than protons

Cation

Positively charged Ion - has more protons than electrons

Chemical Bond

An attraction between atoms that results in the formation of molecules or compounds.

Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing reactants and products

Reactants

Substances that undergo a chemical reaction, appearing on the left side of a chemical equation.

products

Substances formed during a chemical reaction.

Chemical Formula

A representation of a substance by showing the number of elements and the types of atoms it contains, using chemical symbols.

Chemical name

The FOrmal name of a chemical compound that indicates its composition and structure.

Chemical Reaction

When two or more substances interact to form new products, involving the breaking and forming of bonds between atoms.

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.

Diatomic Molecule

A molecule composed of only two atoms.

Ion

Atom that has a positive or negative charge.

Ionic bond

A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Oxidation Number

The charge of an atom in a compound, Representing how many atoms were lost or gained.

Subscript

A small number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol, indicating the number of atoms of that element in a molecule.

Superscript

a small number written above and to the right of an element symbol, representing it’s charge. It indicates the oxidation state of an atom in a molecule or ion.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed by sharing electron pairs between atoms - Usually between Non-Metals

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, typically between metals and nonmetals.

IUPAC

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, responsible for nomenclature and standardization in chemistry.

Prefix

A word segment placed at the beginning of a chemical name to indicate the number of atoms present.

Suffix

a word part placed at the end of a chemical name to denote the type or number of atoms or functional groups present.

polyatomic ions

Ions composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded, carrying a charge.