P5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission

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Last updated 5:20 PM on 4/28/26
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4 Terms

1
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Describe alpha (α) particles main characteristics

  • Charge: +2

  • Type: the same as a helium nucleus (they both have 2 neutrons and 2 protons)

  • Size and speed: large, heavy and slow

  • Ionising ability: highly ionising (produce ions from atoms)

  • Penetrating power: weakly penetrating (stopped by a sheet of paper)

  • Deflection: slightly deflected by electric and magnetic fields

<ul><li><p>Charge: +2</p></li><li><p>Type: the same as a helium nucleus (they both have 2 neutrons and 2 protons)</p></li><li><p>Size and speed: large, heavy and slow</p></li><li><p>Ionising ability: highly ionising (produce ions from atoms)</p></li><li><p>Penetrating power: weakly penetrating (stopped by a sheet of paper)</p></li><li><p>Deflection: slightly deflected by electric and magnetic fields</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Describe beta (β-) particles main characteristics

  • Charge: -1

  • Type: fast moving electrons

  • Size and speed: small, light and fast

  • Ionising ability: moderately ionising

  • Penetrating power: moderately penetrating (stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium)

  • Deflection: greatly deflected by electric and magnetic fields

<ul><li><p>Charge: -1</p></li><li><p>Type: fast moving electrons</p></li><li><p>Size and speed: small, light and fast</p></li><li><p>Ionising ability: moderately ionising</p></li><li><p>Penetrating power: moderately penetrating (stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium)</p></li><li><p>Deflection: greatly deflected by electric and magnetic fields</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Describe gamma (γ) rays main characteristics

  • Charge: none

  • Type: electromagnetic wave

  • Size and speed: short wavelength, high energy, no mass and no charge

  • Ionising ability: lowly ionising

  • Penetrating power: highly penetrating (stopped by several centimeters of lead)

  • Deflection: not deflected by electric and magnetic fields

<ul><li><p>Charge: none</p></li><li><p>Type: electromagnetic wave</p></li><li><p>Size and speed: short wavelength, high energy, no mass and no charge</p></li><li><p>Ionising ability: lowly ionising</p></li><li><p>Penetrating power: highly penetrating (stopped by several centimeters of lead)</p></li><li><p>Deflection: not deflected by electric and magnetic fields</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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